{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2005-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2005-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2005-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2005 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453641.770833,"kali_year":5107,"ahargana":1865176.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.3299,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.0344,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":298.7045,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7045},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":99.0344,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.701},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":259.3642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2005,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453641.770833,"ahargana":1865176.2708,"kali_year":5107,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9332,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.08799799999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.55559799999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3454},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":29.24349799999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":168.72069799999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":180.554798,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":204.78749800000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":104.577898,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":353.9853,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":173.9853,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453641.770833,"kali_year":5107,"ahargana":1865176.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.3299,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.0344,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":298.7045,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7045},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":99.0344,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.701},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":259.3642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.345,"elongation":61.295},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.345,"opposition_distance":118.705}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:05","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:07","dayLengthHours":12.058540318572817,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 03 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 56 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:50","moonsetLocal":"14:28","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:07","end":"13:38","startHours":12.12058684153638,"endHours":13.627904381357983,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:36","end":"09:06","startHours":7.598634222071573,"endHours":9.105951761893175,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:37","end":"12:07","startHours":10.613269301714777,"endHours":12.12058684153638,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:54","end":"09:18","startHours":8.90497608991696,"endHours":9.306927433869388,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:36","end":"06:55","startHours":6.5937558621905055,"endHours":6.915316937352447,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:43","end":"12:31","startHours":11.718635497583952,"endHours":12.522538185488807,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:17","startHours":4.4835113064402625,"endHours":5.287413994345116,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:05","end":"06:05","startHours":5.086438322368903,"endHours":6.091316682249971,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:56","startHours":14.130343561298515,"endHours":14.934246249203369,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.94985700082279,"endHours":18.349857000822787,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:39","startHours":18.149857000822788,"endHours":18.652296180763322,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.899857000822788,"endHours":19.649857000822788,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:43","end":"00:31","startHours":23.718635497583954,"endHours":24.522538185488806,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:05","end":"07:36","startHours":6.091316682249971,"endHours":7.598634222071573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:36","end":"09:06","startHours":7.598634222071573,"endHours":9.105951761893175,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:06","end":"10:37","startHours":9.105951761893175,"endHours":10.613269301714777,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:37","end":"12:07","startHours":10.613269301714777,"endHours":12.12058684153638,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:07","end":"13:38","startHours":12.12058684153638,"endHours":13.627904381357983,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:38","end":"15:08","startHours":13.627904381357983,"endHours":15.135221921179584,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:08","end":"16:39","startHours":15.135221921179584,"endHours":16.642539461001185,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:39","end":"18:09","startHours":16.642539461001185,"endHours":18.149857000822788,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:09","end":"19:39","startHours":18.149857000822788,"endHours":19.642539461001185,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:39","end":"21:08","startHours":19.642539461001185,"endHours":21.135221921179586,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:08","end":"22:38","startHours":21.135221921179586,"endHours":22.627904381357983,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:38","end":"00:07","startHours":22.627904381357983,"endHours":24.12058684153638,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:07","end":"01:37","startHours":24.12058684153638,"endHours":25.613269301714777,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:37","end":"03:06","startHours":25.613269301714777,"endHours":27.105951761893174,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:06","end":"04:36","startHours":27.105951761893174,"endHours":28.598634222071574,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:36","end":"06:05","startHours":28.598634222071574,"endHours":30.09131668224997,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:05","end":"07:05","startHours":6.091316682249971,"endHours":7.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:05","end":"08:05","startHours":7.091316682249971,"endHours":8.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:05","end":"09:05","startHours":8.091316682249971,"endHours":9.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:05","end":"10:05","startHours":9.091316682249971,"endHours":10.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:05","end":"11:05","startHours":10.091316682249971,"endHours":11.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:05","end":"12:05","startHours":11.091316682249971,"endHours":12.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:05","end":"13:05","startHours":12.091316682249971,"endHours":13.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:05","end":"14:05","startHours":13.091316682249971,"endHours":14.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:05","end":"15:05","startHours":14.091316682249971,"endHours":15.091316682249971,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:05","end":"16:05","startHours":15.091316682249971,"endHours":16.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:05","end":"17:05","startHours":16.09131668224997,"endHours":17.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:05","end":"18:05","startHours":17.09131668224997,"endHours":18.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:05","end":"19:05","startHours":18.09131668224997,"endHours":19.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:05","end":"20:05","startHours":19.09131668224997,"endHours":20.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:05","end":"21:05","startHours":20.09131668224997,"endHours":21.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:05","end":"22:05","startHours":21.09131668224997,"endHours":22.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:05","end":"23:05","startHours":22.09131668224997,"endHours":23.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:05","end":"00:05","startHours":23.09131668224997,"endHours":24.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:05","end":"01:05","startHours":24.09131668224997,"endHours":25.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:05","end":"02:05","startHours":25.09131668224997,"endHours":26.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:05","end":"03:05","startHours":26.09131668224997,"endHours":27.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:05","end":"04:05","startHours":27.09131668224997,"endHours":28.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:05","end":"05:05","startHours":28.09131668224997,"endHours":29.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:05","end":"06:05","startHours":29.09131668224997,"endHours":30.09131668224997,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-1.9949411499793495,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":23.9332}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2062,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vilambī","saka_samvat":1927,"saka_samvatsara":"Pārthiva","bengali_samvat":1412,"malayalam_era":1181,"nanakshahi_year":536,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2062 Vilambī · Śaka 1927 Pārthiva"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2005 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2005 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:05, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2005-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2005-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2005-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2005-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2005-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T10:26:23.500Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T10:26:23.500Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T10:26:23.500Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}