{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2003-01-22:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2003-01-22","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2003-01-22","date_display":"January 22, 2003 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452661.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864196.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":277.6282,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.6385,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":225.0103,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0103},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.6385,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3051},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.2666},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452661.770833,"ahargana":1864196.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8957,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":277.69334100000003,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":144.046041,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4689},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":219.21324099999993,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":258.322541,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":110.599741,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":231.06144100000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":59.010041,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":45.9104,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":225.9104,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452661.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864196.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":277.6282,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.6385,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":225.0103,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0103},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.6385,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3051},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.2666},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.469,"elongation":134.99},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.469,"opposition_distance":45.01}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:42","sunsetLocal":"18:16","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":11.55237426034982,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 09 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 51 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:28","moonsetLocal":"09:41","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:29","end":"13:56","startHours":12.482535055138989,"endHours":13.926581837682718,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:09","end":"09:36","startHours":8.150394707507807,"endHours":9.594441490051535,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:29","startHours":11.038488272595263,"endHours":12.482535055138989,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:24","end":"09:47","startHours":9.401901919045704,"endHours":9.786981061057364,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:11","end":"07:30","startHours":7.1876968524786555,"endHours":7.495760166087984,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:52","startHours":12.097455913127328,"endHours":12.86761419715065,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:10","end":"05:56","startHours":5.166031356917437,"endHours":5.936189640940758,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:45","end":"06:42","startHours":5.743650069934928,"endHours":6.70634792496408,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:24","end":"15:11","startHours":14.407930765197293,"endHours":15.178089049220613,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:04","end":"18:28","startHours":18.0587221853139,"endHours":18.4587221853139,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:16","end":"18:44","startHours":18.2587221853139,"endHours":18.740071112828474,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:01","end":"19:46","startHours":18.0087221853139,"endHours":19.7587221853139,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:52","startHours":24.097455913127327,"endHours":24.86761419715065,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:42","end":"08:09","startHours":6.70634792496408,"endHours":8.150394707507807,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:09","end":"09:36","startHours":8.150394707507807,"endHours":9.594441490051535,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:36","end":"11:02","startHours":9.594441490051535,"endHours":11.038488272595263,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:02","end":"12:29","startHours":11.038488272595263,"endHours":12.482535055138989,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:29","end":"13:56","startHours":12.482535055138989,"endHours":13.926581837682718,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:56","end":"15:22","startHours":13.926581837682718,"endHours":15.370628620226444,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:22","end":"16:49","startHours":15.370628620226444,"endHours":16.81467540277017,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:49","end":"18:16","startHours":16.81467540277017,"endHours":18.2587221853139,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:16","end":"19:49","startHours":18.2587221853139,"endHours":19.814675402770174,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:49","end":"21:22","startHours":19.814675402770174,"endHours":21.370628620226444,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:22","end":"22:56","startHours":21.370628620226444,"endHours":22.92658183768272,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:56","end":"00:29","startHours":22.92658183768272,"endHours":24.48253505513899,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:29","end":"02:02","startHours":24.48253505513899,"endHours":26.038488272595263,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:02","end":"03:36","startHours":26.038488272595263,"endHours":27.594441490051537,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:36","end":"05:09","startHours":27.594441490051537,"endHours":29.150394707507807,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:09","end":"06:42","startHours":29.150394707507807,"endHours":30.706347924964078,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:42","end":"07:42","startHours":6.70634792496408,"endHours":7.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:42","end":"08:42","startHours":7.70634792496408,"endHours":8.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:42","end":"09:42","startHours":8.70634792496408,"endHours":9.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:42","end":"10:42","startHours":9.70634792496408,"endHours":10.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:42","end":"11:42","startHours":10.70634792496408,"endHours":11.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:42","end":"12:42","startHours":11.70634792496408,"endHours":12.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:42","end":"13:42","startHours":12.70634792496408,"endHours":13.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:42","end":"14:42","startHours":13.70634792496408,"endHours":14.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:42","end":"15:42","startHours":14.70634792496408,"endHours":15.70634792496408,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:42","end":"16:42","startHours":15.70634792496408,"endHours":16.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:42","end":"17:42","startHours":16.706347924964078,"endHours":17.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:42","end":"18:42","startHours":17.706347924964078,"endHours":18.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:42","end":"19:42","startHours":18.706347924964078,"endHours":19.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:42","end":"20:42","startHours":19.706347924964078,"endHours":20.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:42","end":"21:42","startHours":20.706347924964078,"endHours":21.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:42","end":"22:42","startHours":21.706347924964078,"endHours":22.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:42","end":"23:42","startHours":22.706347924964078,"endHours":23.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:42","end":"00:42","startHours":23.706347924964078,"endHours":24.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:42","end":"01:42","startHours":24.706347924964078,"endHours":25.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:42","end":"02:42","startHours":25.706347924964078,"endHours":26.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:42","end":"03:42","startHours":26.706347924964078,"endHours":27.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:42","end":"04:42","startHours":27.706347924964078,"endHours":28.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:42","end":"05:42","startHours":28.706347924964078,"endHours":29.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:42","end":"06:42","startHours":29.706347924964078,"endHours":30.706347924964078,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-19.80373815706101,"eotMinutes":-11.536103308339323,"ayanamsa":23.8957}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2060,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","saka_samvat":1925,"saka_samvatsara":"Subhānu","bengali_samvat":1410,"malayalam_era":1179,"nanakshahi_year":534,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2060 Durmukhi · Śaka 1925 Subhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 22, 2003 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 22, 2003 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:42, sūryāsta 18:16.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2003-01-22","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2003-01-22","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2003-01-22","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2003-01-22","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2003-01-22"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T02:13:26.416Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T02:13:26.417Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T02:13:26.417Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}