{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2002-10-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-10-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-10-28","date_display":"October 28, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452575.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864110.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":189.8473,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":89.3408,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":259.4935,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4935},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":89.3408,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3408},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":279.1881},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452575.770833,"ahargana":1864110.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8924,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.55382699999996,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":86.20772699999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.8225},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":163.95912699999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":179.50122699999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":111.93512699999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":196.150527,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":64.85602700000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":50.4671,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":230.4671,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452575.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864110.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":189.8473,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":89.3408,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":259.4935,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4935},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":89.3408,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3408},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":279.1881},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.822,"elongation":100.507},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.822,"opposition_distance":79.493}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"17:54","solarNoonLocal":"12:01","dayLengthHours":11.752212328814629,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 45 Mins 08 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 14 Mins 52 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:42","moonsetLocal":"11:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:37","end":"09:05","startHours":7.609793781036325,"endHours":9.078820322138153,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:33","end":"12:01","startHours":10.547846863239982,"endHours":12.016873404341812,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:29","end":"14:57","startHours":13.48589994544364,"endHours":14.954926486545467,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:16","startHours":8.88295011665791,"endHours":9.274690527618397,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:57","startHours":6.630442753635106,"endHours":6.943835082403496,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:38","end":"12:25","startHours":11.625132993381325,"endHours":12.4086138153023,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:34","end":"05:21","startHours":4.573805596092546,"endHours":5.357286418013521,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:10","end":"06:08","startHours":5.161416212533277,"endHours":6.140767239934497,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:59","end":"14:46","startHours":13.975575459144249,"endHours":14.759056281065224,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:42","end":"18:06","startHours":17.692979568749127,"endHours":18.092979568749126,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:54","end":"18:23","startHours":17.892979568749126,"endHours":18.382655082449737,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:39","end":"19:24","startHours":17.642979568749126,"endHours":19.392979568749126,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:38","end":"00:25","startHours":23.625132993381325,"endHours":24.4086138153023,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:08","end":"07:37","startHours":6.140767239934497,"endHours":7.609793781036325,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:37","end":"09:05","startHours":7.609793781036325,"endHours":9.078820322138153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:05","end":"10:33","startHours":9.078820322138153,"endHours":10.547846863239982,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:33","end":"12:01","startHours":10.547846863239982,"endHours":12.016873404341812,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:01","end":"13:29","startHours":12.016873404341812,"endHours":13.48589994544364,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:29","end":"14:57","startHours":13.48589994544364,"endHours":14.954926486545467,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:57","end":"16:25","startHours":14.954926486545467,"endHours":16.423953027647297,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:25","end":"17:54","startHours":16.423953027647297,"endHours":17.892979568749126,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:54","end":"19:25","startHours":17.892979568749126,"endHours":19.423953027647297,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:25","end":"20:57","startHours":19.423953027647297,"endHours":20.954926486545467,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:57","end":"22:29","startHours":20.954926486545467,"endHours":22.48589994544364,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:29","end":"00:01","startHours":22.48589994544364,"endHours":24.016873404341812,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:01","end":"01:33","startHours":24.016873404341812,"endHours":25.547846863239982,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:33","end":"03:05","startHours":25.547846863239982,"endHours":27.078820322138156,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:05","end":"04:37","startHours":27.078820322138156,"endHours":28.609793781036327,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:37","end":"06:08","startHours":28.609793781036327,"endHours":30.140767239934497,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.140767239934497,"endHours":7.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.140767239934497,"endHours":8.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.140767239934497,"endHours":9.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.140767239934497,"endHours":10.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.140767239934497,"endHours":11.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.140767239934497,"endHours":12.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.140767239934497,"endHours":13.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.140767239934497,"endHours":14.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.140767239934497,"endHours":15.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.140767239934497,"endHours":16.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.140767239934497,"endHours":17.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.140767239934497,"endHours":18.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.140767239934497,"endHours":19.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.140767239934497,"endHours":20.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.140767239934497,"endHours":21.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.140767239934497,"endHours":22.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.140767239934497,"endHours":23.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.140767239934497,"endHours":24.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.140767239934497,"endHours":25.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.140767239934497,"endHours":26.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.140767239934497,"endHours":27.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.140767239934497,"endHours":28.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.140767239934497,"endHours":29.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.140767239934497,"endHours":30.140767239934497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-13.001138705828527,"eotMinutes":16.40359573949132,"ayanamsa":23.8924}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 28, 2002 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 28, 2002 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 17:54.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-10-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-10-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-10-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-10-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-10-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T14:29:16.638Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T14:29:16.638Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T14:29:16.638Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}