{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2002-05-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-05-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-05-31","date_display":"May 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452425.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863960.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.4317,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.4571,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":237.0254,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0254},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":282.4571,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4571},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.8888},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452425.770833,"ahargana":1863960.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8867,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.55505800000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.18535799999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.1267},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":67.79215799999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":39.85655800000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":82.40495800000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":78.61015800000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":53.27945799999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":58.4148,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":238.4148,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452425.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863960.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.4317,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.4571,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":237.0254,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0254},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":282.4571,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4571},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.8888},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.127,"elongation":122.975},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.127,"opposition_distance":57.025}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.149,"elongation":0.05}]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:52","sunsetLocal":"18:38","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":12.75625996101603,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 45 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 14 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:15","moonsetLocal":"09:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:39","end":"12:15","startHours":10.654074725570666,"endHours":12.248607220697671,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:26","end":"17:02","startHours":15.437672210951678,"endHours":17.03220470607868,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:28","end":"09:04","startHours":7.465009735316659,"endHours":9.059542230443663,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:51","end":"09:16","startHours":8.846937897760062,"endHours":9.272146563127263,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:24","end":"06:45","startHours":6.401988071898657,"endHours":6.742155004192417,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:40","startHours":11.82339855533047,"endHours":12.673815886064872,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:10","end":"05:01","startHours":4.169642578720852,"endHours":5.020059909455254,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:48","end":"05:52","startHours":4.807455576771654,"endHours":5.870477240189656,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:22","end":"15:14","startHours":14.374650547533676,"endHours":15.225067878268078,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:26","end":"18:50","startHours":18.426737201205686,"endHours":18.826737201205685,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:38","end":"19:09","startHours":18.626737201205685,"endHours":19.15824803291469,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:23","end":"20:08","startHours":18.376737201205685,"endHours":20.126737201205685,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:40","startHours":23.82339855533047,"endHours":24.673815886064872,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:52","end":"07:28","startHours":5.870477240189656,"endHours":7.465009735316659,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:28","end":"09:04","startHours":7.465009735316659,"endHours":9.059542230443663,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:04","end":"10:39","startHours":9.059542230443663,"endHours":10.654074725570666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:39","end":"12:15","startHours":10.654074725570666,"endHours":12.248607220697671,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:15","end":"13:51","startHours":12.248607220697671,"endHours":13.843139715824673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:51","end":"15:26","startHours":13.843139715824673,"endHours":15.437672210951678,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:26","end":"17:02","startHours":15.437672210951678,"endHours":17.03220470607868,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:02","end":"18:38","startHours":17.03220470607868,"endHours":18.626737201205685,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:38","end":"20:02","startHours":18.626737201205685,"endHours":20.03220470607868,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:02","end":"21:26","startHours":20.03220470607868,"endHours":21.43767221095168,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:26","end":"22:51","startHours":21.43767221095168,"endHours":22.843139715824673,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:51","end":"00:15","startHours":22.843139715824673,"endHours":24.24860722069767,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:15","end":"01:39","startHours":24.24860722069767,"endHours":25.654074725570666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:39","end":"03:04","startHours":25.654074725570666,"endHours":27.05954223044366,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:04","end":"04:28","startHours":27.05954223044366,"endHours":28.46500973531666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:28","end":"05:52","startHours":28.46500973531666,"endHours":29.870477240189658,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:52","end":"06:52","startHours":5.870477240189656,"endHours":6.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:52","end":"07:52","startHours":6.870477240189656,"endHours":7.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:52","end":"08:52","startHours":7.870477240189656,"endHours":8.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:52","end":"09:52","startHours":8.870477240189656,"endHours":9.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:52","end":"10:52","startHours":9.870477240189656,"endHours":10.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:52","end":"11:52","startHours":10.870477240189656,"endHours":11.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:52","end":"12:52","startHours":11.870477240189656,"endHours":12.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:52","end":"13:52","startHours":12.870477240189656,"endHours":13.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:52","end":"14:52","startHours":13.870477240189656,"endHours":14.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:52","end":"15:52","startHours":14.870477240189656,"endHours":15.870477240189656,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:52","end":"16:52","startHours":15.870477240189656,"endHours":16.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:52","end":"17:52","startHours":16.870477240189658,"endHours":17.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:52","end":"18:52","startHours":17.870477240189658,"endHours":18.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:52","end":"19:52","startHours":18.870477240189658,"endHours":19.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:52","end":"20:52","startHours":19.870477240189658,"endHours":20.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:52","end":"21:52","startHours":20.870477240189658,"endHours":21.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:52","end":"22:52","startHours":21.870477240189658,"endHours":22.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:52","end":"23:52","startHours":22.870477240189658,"endHours":23.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:52","end":"00:52","startHours":23.870477240189658,"endHours":24.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:52","end":"01:52","startHours":24.870477240189658,"endHours":25.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:52","end":"02:52","startHours":25.870477240189658,"endHours":26.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:52","end":"03:52","startHours":26.870477240189658,"endHours":27.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:52","end":"04:52","startHours":27.870477240189658,"endHours":28.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:52","end":"05:52","startHours":28.870477240189658,"endHours":29.870477240189658,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":21.863902533925998,"eotMinutes":2.4995667581397525,"ayanamsa":23.8867}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 31, 2002 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 31, 2002 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:52, sūryāsta 18:38.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-05-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-05-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-05-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-05-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-05-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T07:12:37.239Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T07:12:37.239Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T07:12:37.239Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}