{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2002-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452294.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863829.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8425,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.3516,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":74.5091,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5091},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.3516,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6849},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":266.194},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452294.770833,"ahargana":1863829.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8817,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.91956400000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":347.133964,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3465},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":336.920964,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":290.492664,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":74.22306400000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":277.23506399999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":44.38106399999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":65.3559,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":245.3559,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452294.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863829.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8425,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.3516,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":74.5091,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5091},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.3516,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6849},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":266.194},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.346,"elongation":74.509},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.346,"opposition_distance":105.491}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:42","sunsetLocal":"18:15","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":11.54061004671441,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 32 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 27 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:07","moonsetLocal":"23:19","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:48","end":"18:15","startHours":16.800733823138394,"endHours":18.243310078977693,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:28","end":"13:55","startHours":12.473005055620488,"endHours":13.915581311459789,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:21","end":"16:48","startHours":15.358157567299092,"endHours":16.800733823138394,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:24","end":"09:47","startHours":9.395509043163312,"endHours":9.780196044720459,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:11","end":"07:29","startHours":7.183558784209717,"endHours":7.491308385455435,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:51","startHours":12.088318054063341,"endHours":12.857692057177635,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:10","end":"05:56","startHours":5.163952026034696,"endHours":5.93332602914899,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:44","end":"06:42","startHours":5.740982528370417,"endHours":6.702700032263284,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:24","end":"15:10","startHours":14.396440063406223,"endHours":15.165814066520516,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:03","end":"18:27","startHours":18.043310078977694,"endHours":18.443310078977692,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:15","end":"18:43","startHours":18.243310078977693,"endHours":18.72416883092413,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:00","end":"19:45","startHours":17.993310078977693,"endHours":19.743310078977693,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:51","startHours":24.088318054063343,"endHours":24.857692057177637,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:42","end":"08:09","startHours":6.702700032263284,"endHours":8.145276288102584,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:09","end":"09:35","startHours":8.145276288102584,"endHours":9.587852543941885,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:35","end":"11:02","startHours":9.587852543941885,"endHours":11.030428799781188,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:02","end":"12:28","startHours":11.030428799781188,"endHours":12.473005055620488,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:28","end":"13:55","startHours":12.473005055620488,"endHours":13.915581311459789,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:55","end":"15:21","startHours":13.915581311459789,"endHours":15.358157567299092,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:21","end":"16:48","startHours":15.358157567299092,"endHours":16.800733823138394,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:48","end":"18:15","startHours":16.800733823138394,"endHours":18.243310078977693,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:15","end":"19:48","startHours":18.243310078977693,"endHours":19.80073382313839,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:48","end":"21:21","startHours":19.80073382313839,"endHours":21.35815756729909,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:21","end":"22:55","startHours":21.35815756729909,"endHours":22.91558131145979,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:55","end":"00:28","startHours":22.91558131145979,"endHours":24.47300505562049,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:28","end":"02:02","startHours":24.47300505562049,"endHours":26.030428799781188,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:02","end":"03:35","startHours":26.030428799781188,"endHours":27.587852543941885,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:35","end":"05:09","startHours":27.587852543941885,"endHours":29.145276288102586,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:09","end":"06:42","startHours":29.145276288102586,"endHours":30.702700032263284,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:42","end":"07:42","startHours":6.702700032263284,"endHours":7.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:42","end":"08:42","startHours":7.702700032263284,"endHours":8.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:42","end":"09:42","startHours":8.702700032263284,"endHours":9.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:42","end":"10:42","startHours":9.702700032263284,"endHours":10.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:42","end":"11:42","startHours":10.702700032263284,"endHours":11.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:42","end":"12:42","startHours":11.702700032263284,"endHours":12.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:42","end":"13:42","startHours":12.702700032263284,"endHours":13.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:42","end":"14:42","startHours":13.702700032263284,"endHours":14.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:42","end":"15:42","startHours":14.702700032263284,"endHours":15.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:42","end":"16:42","startHours":15.702700032263284,"endHours":16.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:42","end":"17:42","startHours":16.702700032263284,"endHours":17.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:42","end":"18:42","startHours":17.702700032263284,"endHours":18.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:42","end":"19:42","startHours":18.702700032263284,"endHours":19.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:42","end":"20:42","startHours":19.702700032263284,"endHours":20.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:42","end":"21:42","startHours":20.702700032263284,"endHours":21.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:42","end":"22:42","startHours":21.702700032263284,"endHours":22.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:42","end":"23:42","startHours":22.702700032263284,"endHours":23.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:42","end":"00:42","startHours":23.702700032263284,"endHours":24.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:42","end":"01:42","startHours":24.702700032263284,"endHours":25.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:42","end":"02:42","startHours":25.702700032263284,"endHours":26.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:42","end":"03:42","startHours":26.702700032263284,"endHours":27.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:42","end":"04:42","startHours":27.702700032263284,"endHours":28.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:42","end":"05:42","startHours":28.702700032263284,"endHours":29.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:42","end":"06:42","startHours":29.702700032263284,"endHours":30.702700032263284,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.189983698241306,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":23.8817}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 2002 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 2002 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:42, sūryāsta 18:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2002-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T23:13:34.562Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T23:13:34.562Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T23:13:34.562Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}