{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2001-01-18:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2001-01-18","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-01-18","date_display":"January 18, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451927.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863462.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":274.056,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":198.9848,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":284.9288,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.9288},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":198.9848,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.3182},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.0408},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451927.770833,"ahargana":1863462.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8676,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":274.14438599999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":202.24478599999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1044},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":200.87088600000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":288.5348859999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":37.37968599999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":321.213786,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.145186000000024,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":84.8013,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":264.8013,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451927.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863462.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":274.056,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":198.9848,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":284.9288,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.9288},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":198.9848,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.3182},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.0408},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.104,"elongation":75.071},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.104,"opposition_distance":104.929}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-8,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.182,"opposition_distance":1.705}]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:42","sunsetLocal":"18:14","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":11.52938369389554,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 31 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 28 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:52","moonsetLocal":"13:28","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:54","end":"15:21","startHours":13.903926788098438,"endHours":15.34509974983538,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:42","end":"08:08","startHours":6.698061979413725,"endHours":8.139234941150669,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:35","end":"11:01","startHours":9.580407902887611,"endHours":11.021580864624553,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:23","end":"09:46","startHours":9.388251507989352,"endHours":9.77256429778587,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:11","end":"07:29","startHours":7.178452966659373,"endHours":7.485903198496588,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:51","startHours":12.078441036564978,"endHours":12.847066616158013,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:10","end":"05:56","startHours":5.1608108202276535,"endHours":5.929436399820689,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:44","end":"06:42","startHours":5.737280004922431,"endHours":6.698061979413725,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:09","startHours":14.384317775344085,"endHours":15.152943354937122,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:02","end":"18:26","startHours":18.027445673309266,"endHours":18.427445673309265,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:14","end":"18:42","startHours":18.227445673309266,"endHours":18.707836660554914,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:59","end":"19:44","startHours":17.977445673309266,"endHours":19.727445673309266,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:51","startHours":24.07844103656498,"endHours":24.847066616158013,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:42","end":"08:08","startHours":6.698061979413725,"endHours":8.139234941150669,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:08","end":"09:35","startHours":8.139234941150669,"endHours":9.580407902887611,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:35","end":"11:01","startHours":9.580407902887611,"endHours":11.021580864624553,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:01","end":"12:28","startHours":11.021580864624553,"endHours":12.462753826361496,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:28","end":"13:54","startHours":12.462753826361496,"endHours":13.903926788098438,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:54","end":"15:21","startHours":13.903926788098438,"endHours":15.34509974983538,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:21","end":"16:47","startHours":15.34509974983538,"endHours":16.786272711572323,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:47","end":"18:14","startHours":16.786272711572323,"endHours":18.227445673309266,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:14","end":"19:47","startHours":18.227445673309266,"endHours":19.786272711572323,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:47","end":"21:21","startHours":19.786272711572323,"endHours":21.34509974983538,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:21","end":"22:54","startHours":21.34509974983538,"endHours":22.90392678809844,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:54","end":"00:28","startHours":22.90392678809844,"endHours":24.462753826361496,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:28","end":"02:01","startHours":24.462753826361496,"endHours":26.021580864624553,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:01","end":"03:35","startHours":26.021580864624553,"endHours":27.58040790288761,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:35","end":"05:08","startHours":27.58040790288761,"endHours":29.13923494115067,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:08","end":"06:42","startHours":29.13923494115067,"endHours":30.698061979413726,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:42","end":"07:42","startHours":6.698061979413725,"endHours":7.698061979413725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:42","end":"08:42","startHours":7.698061979413725,"endHours":8.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:42","end":"09:42","startHours":8.698061979413726,"endHours":9.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:42","end":"10:42","startHours":9.698061979413726,"endHours":10.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:42","end":"11:42","startHours":10.698061979413726,"endHours":11.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:42","end":"12:42","startHours":11.698061979413726,"endHours":12.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:42","end":"13:42","startHours":12.698061979413726,"endHours":13.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:42","end":"14:42","startHours":13.698061979413726,"endHours":14.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:42","end":"15:42","startHours":14.698061979413726,"endHours":15.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:42","end":"16:42","startHours":15.698061979413726,"endHours":16.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:42","end":"17:42","startHours":16.698061979413726,"endHours":17.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:42","end":"18:42","startHours":17.698061979413726,"endHours":18.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:42","end":"19:42","startHours":18.698061979413726,"endHours":19.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:42","end":"20:42","startHours":19.698061979413726,"endHours":20.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:42","end":"21:42","startHours":20.698061979413726,"endHours":21.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:42","end":"22:42","startHours":21.698061979413726,"endHours":22.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:42","end":"23:42","startHours":22.698061979413726,"endHours":23.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:42","end":"00:42","startHours":23.698061979413726,"endHours":24.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:42","end":"01:42","startHours":24.698061979413726,"endHours":25.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:42","end":"02:42","startHours":25.698061979413726,"endHours":26.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:42","end":"03:42","startHours":26.698061979413726,"endHours":27.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:42","end":"04:42","startHours":27.698061979413726,"endHours":28.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:42","end":"05:42","startHours":28.698061979413726,"endHours":29.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:42","end":"06:42","startHours":29.698061979413726,"endHours":30.698061979413726,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.556926883990428,"eotMinutes":-10.349229581689698,"ayanamsa":23.8676}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 18, 2001 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 18, 2001 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 06:42, sūryāsta 18:14.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2001-01-18","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2001-01-18","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2001-01-18","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2001-01-18","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2001-01-18"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T02:34:02.214Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T02:34:02.214Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T02:34:02.214Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}