{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2000-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2000-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451574.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863109.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.6143,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":224.1415,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":297.5272,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.5272},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":224.1415,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8081},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7557},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451574.770833,"ahargana":1863109.2708,"kali_year":5101,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8541,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.6078729999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":226.43117299999994,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8708},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":326.95657299999993,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":297.040473,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":3.9652730000000247,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":253.786473,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.695573000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":103.5049,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":283.5049,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451574.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863109.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.6143,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":224.1415,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":297.5272,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.5272},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":224.1415,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8081},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7557},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.871,"elongation":62.473},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.871,"opposition_distance":117.527}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-10,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.697,"opposition_distance":1.262}]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:42","sunsetLocal":"18:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":11.61810606218882,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 37 Mins 05 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 22 Mins 55 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:47","moonsetLocal":"14:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:10","end":"09:37","startHours":8.158970035709894,"endHours":9.611233293483497,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:04","end":"12:31","startHours":11.0634965512571,"endHours":12.515759809030701,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:58","end":"15:25","startHours":13.968023066804305,"endHours":15.420286324577907,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:25","end":"09:48","startHours":9.417598192447016,"endHours":9.804868394519978,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:11","end":"07:30","startHours":7.1907945305274925,"endHours":7.500610692185861,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:08","end":"12:54","startHours":12.128489606957741,"endHours":12.903030011103661,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:09","end":"05:56","startHours":5.1576259696444495,"endHours":5.932166373790371,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:44","end":"06:42","startHours":5.738531272753891,"endHours":6.706706777936292,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:14","startHours":14.452110819395505,"endHours":15.226651223541428,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:07","end":"18:31","startHours":18.124812840125113,"endHours":18.52481284012511,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:19","end":"18:49","startHours":18.324812840125112,"endHours":18.808900592716313,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:04","end":"19:49","startHours":18.074812840125112,"endHours":19.824812840125112,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:08","end":"00:54","startHours":24.12848960695774,"endHours":24.903030011103663,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:42","end":"08:10","startHours":6.706706777936292,"endHours":8.158970035709894,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:10","end":"09:37","startHours":8.158970035709894,"endHours":9.611233293483497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:37","end":"11:04","startHours":9.611233293483497,"endHours":11.0634965512571,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:04","end":"12:31","startHours":11.0634965512571,"endHours":12.515759809030701,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:31","end":"13:58","startHours":12.515759809030701,"endHours":13.968023066804305,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:58","end":"15:25","startHours":13.968023066804305,"endHours":15.420286324577907,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:25","end":"16:52","startHours":15.420286324577907,"endHours":16.87254958235151,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:52","end":"18:19","startHours":16.87254958235151,"endHours":18.324812840125112,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:19","end":"19:52","startHours":18.324812840125112,"endHours":19.87254958235151,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:52","end":"21:25","startHours":19.87254958235151,"endHours":21.42028632457791,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:25","end":"22:58","startHours":21.42028632457791,"endHours":22.968023066804307,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:58","end":"00:31","startHours":22.968023066804307,"endHours":24.5157598090307,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:31","end":"02:04","startHours":24.5157598090307,"endHours":26.0634965512571,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:04","end":"03:37","startHours":26.0634965512571,"endHours":27.611233293483497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:37","end":"05:10","startHours":27.611233293483497,"endHours":29.158970035709892,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:10","end":"06:42","startHours":29.158970035709892,"endHours":30.70670677793629,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:42","end":"07:42","startHours":6.706706777936292,"endHours":7.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:42","end":"08:42","startHours":7.706706777936292,"endHours":8.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:42","end":"09:42","startHours":8.706706777936292,"endHours":9.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:42","end":"10:42","startHours":9.706706777936292,"endHours":10.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:42","end":"11:42","startHours":10.706706777936292,"endHours":11.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:42","end":"12:42","startHours":11.706706777936292,"endHours":12.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:42","end":"13:42","startHours":12.706706777936292,"endHours":13.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:42","end":"14:42","startHours":13.706706777936292,"endHours":14.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:42","end":"15:42","startHours":14.706706777936292,"endHours":15.706706777936292,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:42","end":"16:42","startHours":15.706706777936292,"endHours":16.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:42","end":"17:42","startHours":16.70670677793629,"endHours":17.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:42","end":"18:42","startHours":17.70670677793629,"endHours":18.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:42","end":"19:42","startHours":18.70670677793629,"endHours":19.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:42","end":"20:42","startHours":19.70670677793629,"endHours":20.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:42","end":"21:42","startHours":20.70670677793629,"endHours":21.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:42","end":"22:42","startHours":21.70670677793629,"endHours":22.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:42","end":"23:42","startHours":22.70670677793629,"endHours":23.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:42","end":"00:42","startHours":23.70670677793629,"endHours":24.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:42","end":"01:42","startHours":24.70670677793629,"endHours":25.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:42","end":"02:42","startHours":25.70670677793629,"endHours":26.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:42","end":"03:42","startHours":26.70670677793629,"endHours":27.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:42","end":"04:42","startHours":27.70670677793629,"endHours":28.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:42","end":"05:42","startHours":28.70670677793629,"endHours":29.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:42","end":"06:42","startHours":29.70670677793629,"endHours":30.70670677793629,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-17.61440375999584,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":23.8541}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2000 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2000 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:42, sūryāsta 18:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2000-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2000-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2000-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2000-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2000-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T14:50:19.909Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T14:50:19.909Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T14:50:19.909Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}