{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:1998-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1998-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450814.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862349.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3586,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":284.8438,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":28.4852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.4852},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":284.8438,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8438},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":181.2024},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":4,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450814.770833,"ahargana":1862349.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8251,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.58790999999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":286.6868099999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.8259},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":286.99200999999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":234.57061,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":298.42071,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":279.56381,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":349.89871,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":143.7734,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":323.7734,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450814.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862349.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3586,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":284.8438,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":28.4852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.4852},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":284.8438,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8438},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":181.2024},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":4,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.826,"elongation":28.485},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.826,"opposition_distance":151.515}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:38","sunsetLocal":"18:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":11.452409174356319,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 27 Mins 09 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 32 Mins 51 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:34","moonsetLocal":"20:09","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:47","end":"15:13","startHours":13.783570785517806,"endHours":15.215121932312346,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:38","end":"08:03","startHours":6.625815051545108,"endHours":8.057366198339647,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:29","end":"10:55","startHours":9.488917345134187,"endHours":10.920468491928727,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:18","end":"09:41","startHours":9.298043858894916,"endHours":9.67979083137346,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:06","end":"07:25","startHours":7.102998767143288,"endHours":7.408396345126123,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:44","startHours":11.970272666244723,"endHours":12.73376661120181,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:06","end":"05:52","startHours":5.098827161630933,"endHours":5.86232110658802,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:40","end":"06:38","startHours":5.671447620348748,"endHours":6.625815051545108,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:16","end":"15:01","startHours":14.260754501115986,"endHours":15.024248446073074,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:17","startHours":17.878224225901427,"endHours":18.278224225901425,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:05","end":"18:33","startHours":18.078224225901426,"endHours":18.555407941499606,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:50","end":"19:35","startHours":17.828224225901426,"endHours":19.578224225901426,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:44","startHours":23.97027266624472,"endHours":24.733766611201812,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:38","end":"08:03","startHours":6.625815051545108,"endHours":8.057366198339647,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:03","end":"09:29","startHours":8.057366198339647,"endHours":9.488917345134187,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:29","end":"10:55","startHours":9.488917345134187,"endHours":10.920468491928727,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:55","end":"12:21","startHours":10.920468491928727,"endHours":12.352019638723267,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:21","end":"13:47","startHours":12.352019638723267,"endHours":13.783570785517806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:47","end":"15:13","startHours":13.783570785517806,"endHours":15.215121932312346,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:13","end":"16:39","startHours":15.215121932312346,"endHours":16.646673079106886,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:39","end":"18:05","startHours":16.646673079106886,"endHours":18.078224225901426,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:05","end":"19:39","startHours":18.078224225901426,"endHours":19.646673079106886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:39","end":"21:13","startHours":19.646673079106886,"endHours":21.215121932312346,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:13","end":"22:47","startHours":21.215121932312346,"endHours":22.783570785517806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:47","end":"00:21","startHours":22.783570785517806,"endHours":24.352019638723267,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:21","end":"01:55","startHours":24.352019638723267,"endHours":25.920468491928727,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:55","end":"03:29","startHours":25.920468491928727,"endHours":27.488917345134187,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:29","end":"05:03","startHours":27.488917345134187,"endHours":29.057366198339647,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:03","end":"06:38","startHours":29.057366198339647,"endHours":30.625815051545107,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.625815051545108,"endHours":7.625815051545108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.625815051545108,"endHours":8.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.625815051545107,"endHours":9.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.625815051545107,"endHours":10.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.625815051545107,"endHours":11.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.625815051545107,"endHours":12.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.625815051545107,"endHours":13.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.625815051545107,"endHours":14.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.625815051545107,"endHours":15.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.625815051545107,"endHours":16.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.625815051545107,"endHours":17.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.625815051545107,"endHours":18.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.625815051545107,"endHours":19.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.625815051545107,"endHours":20.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.625815051545107,"endHours":21.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.625815051545107,"endHours":22.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.625815051545107,"endHours":23.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.625815051545107,"endHours":24.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.625815051545107,"endHours":25.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.625815051545107,"endHours":26.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.625815051545107,"endHours":27.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.625815051545107,"endHours":28.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.625815051545107,"endHours":29.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":29.625815051545107,"endHours":30.625815051545107,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.028066199740593,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":23.8251}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 1998 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 1998 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:38, sūryāsta 18:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1998-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1998-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1998-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1998-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1998-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T04:38:25.184Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T04:38:25.184Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T04:38:25.184Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}