{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:1997-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1997-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8134,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.67920200000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":210.252302,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6492},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":158.67100200000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":307.77140199999997,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":285.049802,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":308.6036019999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":342.769502,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":159.9867,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":339.9867,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"elongation":102.639},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"opposition_distance":77.361}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":8,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"elongation":0.078}]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:33","sunsetLocal":"18:28","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":11.90308379601788,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 54 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 05 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:38","moonsetLocal":"11:11","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:32","end":"11:01","startHours":9.531881386947441,"endHours":11.019766861449675,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:00","end":"15:29","startHours":13.995537810454145,"endHours":15.48342328495638,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:33","end":"08:03","startHours":6.556110437942971,"endHours":8.043995912445206,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:44","startHours":9.33349665701381,"endHours":9.730266116881072,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:03","end":"07:22","startHours":7.05207226277705,"endHours":7.3694878306708596,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:54","startHours":12.110882876084649,"endHours":12.904421795819175,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:58","end":"05:46","startHours":4.9690325984739205,"endHours":5.762571518208446,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:34","end":"06:33","startHours":5.564186788274815,"endHours":6.556110437942971,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:29","end":"15:17","startHours":14.491499635288225,"endHours":15.28503855502275,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:16","end":"18:40","startHours":18.25919423396085,"endHours":18.65919423396085,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:28","end":"18:57","startHours":18.45919423396085,"endHours":18.95515605879493,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:13","end":"19:58","startHours":18.20919423396085,"endHours":19.95919423396085,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:54","startHours":24.11088287608465,"endHours":24.90442179581917,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:33","end":"08:03","startHours":6.556110437942971,"endHours":8.043995912445206,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:03","end":"09:32","startHours":8.043995912445206,"endHours":9.531881386947441,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:32","end":"11:01","startHours":9.531881386947441,"endHours":11.019766861449675,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:01","end":"12:30","startHours":11.019766861449675,"endHours":12.50765233595191,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:30","end":"14:00","startHours":12.50765233595191,"endHours":13.995537810454145,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:00","end":"15:29","startHours":13.995537810454145,"endHours":15.48342328495638,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:29","end":"16:58","startHours":15.48342328495638,"endHours":16.971308759458616,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:28","startHours":16.971308759458616,"endHours":18.45919423396085,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:28","end":"19:58","startHours":18.45919423396085,"endHours":19.971308759458616,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:58","end":"21:29","startHours":19.971308759458616,"endHours":21.48342328495638,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:29","end":"23:00","startHours":21.48342328495638,"endHours":22.995537810454145,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:00","end":"00:30","startHours":22.995537810454145,"endHours":24.50765233595191,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:30","end":"02:01","startHours":24.50765233595191,"endHours":26.019766861449675,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:01","end":"03:32","startHours":26.019766861449675,"endHours":27.53188138694744,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:32","end":"05:03","startHours":27.53188138694744,"endHours":29.043995912445205,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:03","end":"06:33","startHours":29.043995912445205,"endHours":30.55611043794297,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:33","end":"07:33","startHours":6.556110437942971,"endHours":7.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:33","end":"08:33","startHours":7.556110437942971,"endHours":8.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:33","end":"09:33","startHours":8.556110437942971,"endHours":9.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:33","end":"10:33","startHours":9.556110437942971,"endHours":10.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:33","end":"11:33","startHours":10.556110437942971,"endHours":11.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:33","end":"12:33","startHours":11.556110437942971,"endHours":12.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:33","end":"13:33","startHours":12.556110437942971,"endHours":13.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:33","end":"14:33","startHours":13.556110437942971,"endHours":14.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:33","end":"15:33","startHours":14.556110437942971,"endHours":15.556110437942971,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:33","end":"16:33","startHours":15.556110437942971,"endHours":16.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:33","end":"17:33","startHours":16.55611043794297,"endHours":17.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:33","end":"18:33","startHours":17.55611043794297,"endHours":18.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:33","end":"19:33","startHours":18.55611043794297,"endHours":19.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:33","end":"20:33","startHours":19.55611043794297,"endHours":20.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:33","end":"21:33","startHours":20.55611043794297,"endHours":21.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:33","end":"22:33","startHours":21.55611043794297,"endHours":22.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:33","end":"23:33","startHours":22.55611043794297,"endHours":23.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:33","end":"00:33","startHours":23.55611043794297,"endHours":24.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:33","end":"01:33","startHours":24.55611043794297,"endHours":25.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:33","end":"02:33","startHours":25.55611043794297,"endHours":26.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:33","end":"03:33","startHours":26.55611043794297,"endHours":27.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:33","end":"04:33","startHours":27.55611043794297,"endHours":28.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:33","end":"05:33","startHours":28.55611043794297,"endHours":29.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:33","end":"06:33","startHours":29.55611043794297,"endHours":30.55611043794297,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-7.63224644254681,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":23.8134}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_amanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 1997 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 1997 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:33, sūryāsta 18:28.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1997-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1997-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1997-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1997-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/1997-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T11:44:26.552Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T11:44:26.552Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T11:44:26.552Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}