{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:2028-04-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2028-04-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-04-30","date_display":"April 30, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461891.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873426.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.979,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":80.7134,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":64.7344,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.7344},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":80.7134,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7134},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":96.6924},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461891.770833,"ahargana":1873426.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2487,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.98048799999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":79.47878800000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.2503},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":6.919987999999989,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":33.77218800000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":143.43678799999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":52.96258799999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":7.91918800000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":276.8606,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":96.8606,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461891.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873426.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.979,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":80.7134,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":64.7344,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.7344},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":80.7134,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7134},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":96.6924},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.25,"elongation":64.734},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.25,"opposition_distance":115.266}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:35","sunsetLocal":"18:54","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":13.31573276743395,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 18 Mins 57 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 41 Mins 03 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:29","moonsetLocal":"23:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:14","end":"18:54","startHours":17.22913543463436,"endHours":18.893602030563606,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:14","end":"13:54","startHours":12.235735646846631,"endHours":13.900202242775876,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"17:14","startHours":15.564668838705117,"endHours":17.22913543463436,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:41","end":"09:08","startHours":8.684873575530911,"endHours":9.128731334445376,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:08","end":"06:29","startHours":6.132691461772737,"endHours":6.487777668904309,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:48","end":"12:41","startHours":11.791877887932166,"endHours":12.679593405761096,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:48","end":"04:41","startHours":3.8024382274717956,"endHours":4.690153745300726,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:28","end":"05:35","startHours":4.468224865843493,"endHours":5.577869263129656,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:21","startHours":14.455024441418956,"endHours":15.342739959247886,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:42","end":"19:06","startHours":18.693602030563607,"endHours":19.093602030563606,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:54","end":"19:27","startHours":18.893602030563606,"endHours":19.448424229206687,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:39","end":"20:24","startHours":18.643602030563606,"endHours":20.393602030563606,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:48","end":"00:41","startHours":23.791877887932166,"endHours":24.679593405761096,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:35","end":"07:15","startHours":5.577869263129656,"endHours":7.242335859058899,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:15","end":"08:54","startHours":7.242335859058899,"endHours":8.906802454988142,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:54","end":"10:34","startHours":8.906802454988142,"endHours":10.571269050917387,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:34","end":"12:14","startHours":10.571269050917387,"endHours":12.235735646846631,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:54","startHours":12.235735646846631,"endHours":13.900202242775876,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:54","end":"15:34","startHours":13.900202242775876,"endHours":15.564668838705117,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:34","end":"17:14","startHours":15.564668838705117,"endHours":17.22913543463436,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:14","end":"18:54","startHours":17.22913543463436,"endHours":18.893602030563606,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:54","end":"20:14","startHours":18.893602030563606,"endHours":20.22913543463436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:14","end":"21:34","startHours":20.22913543463436,"endHours":21.564668838705117,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:34","end":"22:54","startHours":21.564668838705117,"endHours":22.900202242775876,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:54","end":"00:14","startHours":22.900202242775876,"endHours":24.23573564684663,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:14","end":"01:34","startHours":24.23573564684663,"endHours":25.571269050917387,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:34","end":"02:54","startHours":25.571269050917387,"endHours":26.906802454988146,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:54","end":"04:15","startHours":26.906802454988146,"endHours":28.2423358590589,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:15","end":"05:35","startHours":28.2423358590589,"endHours":29.577869263129656,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:35","end":"06:35","startHours":5.577869263129656,"endHours":6.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:35","end":"07:35","startHours":6.577869263129656,"endHours":7.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:35","end":"08:35","startHours":7.577869263129656,"endHours":8.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:35","end":"09:35","startHours":8.577869263129656,"endHours":9.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:35","end":"10:35","startHours":9.577869263129656,"endHours":10.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:35","end":"11:35","startHours":10.577869263129656,"endHours":11.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:35","end":"12:35","startHours":11.577869263129656,"endHours":12.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:35","end":"13:35","startHours":12.577869263129656,"endHours":13.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:35","end":"14:35","startHours":13.577869263129656,"endHours":14.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:35","end":"15:35","startHours":14.577869263129656,"endHours":15.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:35","end":"16:35","startHours":15.577869263129656,"endHours":16.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:35","end":"17:35","startHours":16.577869263129656,"endHours":17.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:35","end":"18:35","startHours":17.577869263129656,"endHours":18.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:35","end":"19:35","startHours":18.577869263129656,"endHours":19.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:35","end":"20:35","startHours":19.577869263129656,"endHours":20.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:35","end":"21:35","startHours":20.577869263129656,"endHours":21.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:35","end":"22:35","startHours":21.577869263129656,"endHours":22.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:35","end":"23:35","startHours":22.577869263129656,"endHours":23.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:35","end":"00:35","startHours":23.577869263129656,"endHours":24.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:35","end":"01:35","startHours":24.577869263129656,"endHours":25.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:35","end":"02:35","startHours":25.577869263129656,"endHours":26.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:35","end":"03:35","startHours":26.577869263129656,"endHours":27.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:35","end":"04:35","startHours":27.577869263129656,"endHours":28.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:35","end":"05:35","startHours":28.577869263129656,"endHours":29.577869263129656,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.884668635236128,"eotMinutes":2.785461189202204,"ayanamsa":24.2487}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 30, 2028 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 30, 2028 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 05:35, sūryāsta 18:54.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2028-04-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2028-04-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2028-04-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2028-04-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2028-04-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:19:43.556Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:19:43.556Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:19:43.556Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}