{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:2021-05-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2021-05-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-05-16","date_display":"May 16, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459350.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870885.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.1888,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.3097,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.1209,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1209},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.3097,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3097},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.4984},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459350.770833,"ahargana":1870885.2708,"kali_year":5123,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1515,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.261573,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":77.586773,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.2356},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":79.30217300000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":52.95037300000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":306.055073,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":44.12867299999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":289.339473,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":51.495,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":231.495,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459350.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870885.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.1888,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.3097,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.1209,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1209},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.3097,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3097},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.4984},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.236,"elongation":50.121},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.236,"opposition_distance":129.879}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:23","sunsetLocal":"19:04","solarNoonLocal":"12:13","dayLengthHours":13.68326820685214,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 41 Mins 00 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 19 Mins 00 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:19","moonsetLocal":"22:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:21","end":"19:04","startHours":17.350997994923095,"endHours":19.061406520779613,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:13","end":"13:56","startHours":12.219772417353543,"endHours":13.930180943210061,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:38","end":"17:21","startHours":15.640589469066576,"endHours":17.350997994923095,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:34","end":"09:02","startHours":8.570900895526304,"endHours":9.02700983575471,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:57","end":"06:19","startHours":5.948274489212977,"endHours":6.313161641395701,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:41","startHours":11.763663477125139,"endHours":12.675881357581947,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:33","end":"04:28","startHours":3.553702553013853,"endHours":4.465920433470662,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:14","end":"05:23","startHours":4.23786596335646,"endHours":5.378138313927471,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:25","startHours":14.500317118495566,"endHours":15.412534998952376,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:52","end":"19:16","startHours":18.861406520779614,"endHours":19.261406520779612,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:04","end":"19:38","startHours":19.061406520779613,"endHours":19.631542696065118,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:49","end":"20:34","startHours":18.811406520779613,"endHours":20.561406520779613,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:41","startHours":23.76366347712514,"endHours":24.675881357581947,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:23","end":"07:05","startHours":5.378138313927471,"endHours":7.088546839783989,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:05","end":"08:48","startHours":7.088546839783989,"endHours":8.798955365640506,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:48","end":"10:31","startHours":8.798955365640506,"endHours":10.509363891497024,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:31","end":"12:13","startHours":10.509363891497024,"endHours":12.219772417353543,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:13","end":"13:56","startHours":12.219772417353543,"endHours":13.930180943210061,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:56","end":"15:38","startHours":13.930180943210061,"endHours":15.640589469066576,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:38","end":"17:21","startHours":15.640589469066576,"endHours":17.350997994923095,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:21","end":"19:04","startHours":17.350997994923095,"endHours":19.061406520779613,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:04","end":"20:21","startHours":19.061406520779613,"endHours":20.350997994923095,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:21","end":"21:38","startHours":20.350997994923095,"endHours":21.640589469066576,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:38","end":"22:56","startHours":21.640589469066576,"endHours":22.93018094321006,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:56","end":"00:13","startHours":22.93018094321006,"endHours":24.219772417353543,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:13","end":"01:31","startHours":24.219772417353543,"endHours":25.509363891497024,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:31","end":"02:48","startHours":25.509363891497024,"endHours":26.79895536564051,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:48","end":"04:05","startHours":26.79895536564051,"endHours":28.08854683978399,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:05","end":"05:23","startHours":28.08854683978399,"endHours":29.378138313927472,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":5.378138313927471,"endHours":6.378138313927471,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.378138313927471,"endHours":7.378138313927471,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.378138313927471,"endHours":8.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.378138313927472,"endHours":9.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.378138313927472,"endHours":10.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.378138313927472,"endHours":11.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.378138313927472,"endHours":12.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.378138313927472,"endHours":13.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.378138313927472,"endHours":14.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.378138313927472,"endHours":15.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.378138313927472,"endHours":16.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.378138313927472,"endHours":17.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.378138313927472,"endHours":18.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.378138313927472,"endHours":19.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.378138313927472,"endHours":20.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.378138313927472,"endHours":21.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.378138313927472,"endHours":22.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.378138313927472,"endHours":23.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.378138313927472,"endHours":24.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.378138313927472,"endHours":25.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.378138313927472,"endHours":26.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.378138313927472,"endHours":27.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.378138313927472,"endHours":28.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.378138313927472,"endHours":29.378138313927472,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.113441692416465,"eotMinutes":3.743254958787478,"ayanamsa":24.1515}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 16, 2021 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 16, 2021 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:23, sūryāsta 19:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2021-05-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2021-05-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2021-05-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2021-05-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2021-05-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:59:50.335Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:59:50.335Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T12:59:50.335Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}