{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:2019-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2019-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2019-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 2019 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458573.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1870108.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.0458,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":285.3465,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":299.3007,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3007},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":285.3465,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.3465},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":271.3923},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2019,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458573.770833,"ahargana":1870108.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1218,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":345.92066,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":287.25486,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.987},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":35.505359999999996,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":322.06656,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":240.02715999999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":310.71996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":265.58286,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":92.6642,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":272.6642,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458573.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1870108.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.0458,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":285.3465,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":299.3007,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3007},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":285.3465,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.3465},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":271.3923},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.987,"elongation":60.699},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.987,"opposition_distance":119.301}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:35","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":12.436620361386478,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:06","moonsetLocal":"13:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:01","end":"18:35","startHours":17.02358765912137,"endHours":18.57816520429468,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:22","end":"13:55","startHours":12.359855023601444,"endHours":13.914432568774753,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:28","end":"17:01","startHours":15.469010113948062,"endHours":17.02358765912137,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:03","end":"09:27","startHours":9.043422927231717,"endHours":9.457976939277932,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:40","end":"06:59","startHours":6.659737357965974,"endHours":6.991380567602947,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:46","startHours":11.945301011555227,"endHours":12.774409035647658,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:19","startHours":4.483328794723341,"endHours":5.3124368188157725,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:08","startHours":5.105159812792664,"endHours":6.141544842908204,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:16","startHours":14.432625083832523,"endHours":15.261733107924956,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:23","end":"18:47","startHours":18.37816520429468,"endHours":18.77816520429468,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:35","end":"19:06","startHours":18.57816520429468,"endHours":19.09635771935245,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:20","end":"20:05","startHours":18.32816520429468,"endHours":20.07816520429468,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:46","startHours":23.945301011555223,"endHours":24.774409035647658,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:08","end":"07:42","startHours":6.141544842908204,"endHours":7.696122388081514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:42","end":"09:15","startHours":7.696122388081514,"endHours":9.250699933254824,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:15","end":"10:48","startHours":9.250699933254824,"endHours":10.805277478428135,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:48","end":"12:22","startHours":10.805277478428135,"endHours":12.359855023601444,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:22","end":"13:55","startHours":12.359855023601444,"endHours":13.914432568774753,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:55","end":"15:28","startHours":13.914432568774753,"endHours":15.469010113948062,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:28","end":"17:01","startHours":15.469010113948062,"endHours":17.02358765912137,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:01","end":"18:35","startHours":17.02358765912137,"endHours":18.57816520429468,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:35","end":"20:01","startHours":18.57816520429468,"endHours":20.02358765912137,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:01","end":"21:28","startHours":20.02358765912137,"endHours":21.469010113948062,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:28","end":"22:55","startHours":21.469010113948062,"endHours":22.91443256877475,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:55","end":"00:22","startHours":22.91443256877475,"endHours":24.35985502360144,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:22","end":"01:48","startHours":24.35985502360144,"endHours":25.80527747842813,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:48","end":"03:15","startHours":25.80527747842813,"endHours":27.250699933254822,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:15","end":"04:42","startHours":27.250699933254822,"endHours":28.696122388081513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:42","end":"06:08","startHours":28.696122388081513,"endHours":30.141544842908203,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.141544842908204,"endHours":7.141544842908204,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.141544842908204,"endHours":8.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.141544842908203,"endHours":9.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.141544842908203,"endHours":10.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.141544842908203,"endHours":11.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.141544842908203,"endHours":12.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.141544842908203,"endHours":13.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.141544842908203,"endHours":14.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.141544842908203,"endHours":15.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.141544842908203,"endHours":16.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.141544842908203,"endHours":17.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.141544842908203,"endHours":18.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.141544842908203,"endHours":19.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.141544842908203,"endHours":20.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.141544842908203,"endHours":21.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.141544842908203,"endHours":22.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.141544842908203,"endHours":23.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.141544842908203,"endHours":24.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.141544842908203,"endHours":25.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.141544842908203,"endHours":26.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.141544842908203,"endHours":27.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.141544842908203,"endHours":28.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.141544842908203,"endHours":29.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.141544842908203,"endHours":30.141544842908203,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":3.9769854285902375,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":24.1218}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2076,"vikram_samvatsara":"Paridhāvi","saka_samvat":1941,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikāri","bengali_samvat":1426,"malayalam_era":1195,"nanakshahi_year":550,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2076 Paridhāvi · Śaka 1941 Vikāri"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 2019 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 2019 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2019-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2019-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2019-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2019-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/2019-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:19:12.197Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:19:12.197Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T02:19:12.197Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}