{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1998-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1998-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450844.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862379.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.1433,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":322.4256,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":35.2822,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2822},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":322.4256,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4256},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":249.5689},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450844.770833,"ahargana":1862379.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8262,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.12876400000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.97786399999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.019},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":310.650664,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":272.2243639999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":305.119864,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":265.21666400000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":351.517764,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":142.1838,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":322.1838,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450844.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862379.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.1433,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":322.4256,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":35.2822,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2822},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":322.4256,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4256},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":249.5689},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.019,"elongation":35.282},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.019,"opposition_distance":144.718}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:08","sunsetLocal":"17:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":10.734930044603601,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 44 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 15 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:09","moonsetLocal":"20:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:49","end":"11:10","startHours":9.823920631213134,"endHours":11.165786886788585,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:51","end":"15:11","startHours":13.849519397939485,"endHours":15.191385653514935,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:08","end":"08:29","startHours":7.140188120062233,"endHours":8.482054375637684,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:39","end":"10:00","startHours":9.645005130469741,"endHours":10.002836131956528,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:35","end":"07:52","startHours":7.587476871920717,"endHours":7.873741673110146,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:52","startHours":12.149822140877248,"endHours":12.865484143850821,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:43","end":"06:25","startHours":5.708864114115086,"endHours":6.42452611708866,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:15","end":"07:08","startHours":6.2456106163452665,"endHours":7.140188120062233,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:18","end":"15:01","startHours":14.296808149797968,"endHours":15.012470152771542,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:41","end":"18:05","startHours":17.675118164665836,"endHours":18.075118164665835,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:53","end":"18:19","startHours":17.875118164665835,"endHours":18.32240691652432,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:38","end":"19:23","startHours":17.625118164665835,"endHours":19.375118164665835,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:52","startHours":24.149822140877248,"endHours":24.86548414385082,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:08","end":"08:29","startHours":7.140188120062233,"endHours":8.482054375637684,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:29","end":"09:49","startHours":8.482054375637684,"endHours":9.823920631213134,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:49","end":"11:10","startHours":9.823920631213134,"endHours":11.165786886788585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:10","end":"12:30","startHours":11.165786886788585,"endHours":12.507653142364035,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:30","end":"13:51","startHours":12.507653142364035,"endHours":13.849519397939485,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:51","end":"15:11","startHours":13.849519397939485,"endHours":15.191385653514935,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:11","end":"16:32","startHours":15.191385653514935,"endHours":16.533251909090385,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:32","end":"17:53","startHours":16.533251909090385,"endHours":17.875118164665835,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:53","end":"19:32","startHours":17.875118164665835,"endHours":19.533251909090385,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:32","end":"21:11","startHours":19.533251909090385,"endHours":21.191385653514935,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:11","end":"22:51","startHours":21.191385653514935,"endHours":22.849519397939485,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:51","end":"00:30","startHours":22.849519397939485,"endHours":24.507653142364035,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:30","end":"02:10","startHours":24.507653142364035,"endHours":26.165786886788585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:10","end":"03:49","startHours":26.165786886788585,"endHours":27.823920631213134,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:49","end":"05:29","startHours":27.823920631213134,"endHours":29.482054375637684,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:29","end":"07:08","startHours":29.482054375637684,"endHours":31.140188120062234,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.140188120062233,"endHours":8.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.140188120062234,"endHours":9.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.140188120062234,"endHours":10.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.140188120062234,"endHours":11.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.140188120062234,"endHours":12.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.140188120062234,"endHours":13.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.140188120062234,"endHours":14.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.140188120062234,"endHours":15.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.140188120062234,"endHours":16.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.140188120062234,"endHours":17.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.140188120062234,"endHours":18.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.140188120062234,"endHours":19.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.140188120062234,"endHours":20.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.140188120062234,"endHours":21.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.140188120062234,"endHours":22.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.140188120062234,"endHours":23.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.140188120062234,"endHours":24.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.140188120062234,"endHours":25.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.140188120062234,"endHours":26.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.140188120062234,"endHours":27.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.140188120062234,"endHours":28.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.140188120062234,"endHours":29.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.140188120062234,"endHours":30.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":30.140188120062234,"endHours":31.140188120062234,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.480278571563122,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":23.8262}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 1998 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 1998 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 07:08, sūryāsta 17:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1998-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1998-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1998-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1998-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1998-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T02:10:59.260Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T02:10:59.260Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T02:10:59.260Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}