{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1997-10-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-10-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-10-21","date_display":"October 21, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450742.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862277.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.1452,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.2398,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":243.0946,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0946},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":66.2398,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9065},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":249.385},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450742.770833,"ahargana":1862277.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8223,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.86076100000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.57106099999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4487},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":231.986261,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":188.63106100000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":288.53996099999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":230.22666099999992,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":352.179261,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":147.5883,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":327.5883,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450742.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862277.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.1452,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.2398,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":243.0946,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0946},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":66.2398,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9065},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":249.385},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.449,"elongation":116.905},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.449,"opposition_distance":63.095}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"17:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:01","dayLengthHours":11.29743829136007,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 17 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 42 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:19","moonsetLocal":"11:21","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:51","end":"16:15","startHours":14.842695896728273,"endHours":16.25487568314828,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:12","end":"10:36","startHours":9.193976751048236,"endHours":10.606156537468244,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:01","end":"13:26","startHours":12.018336323888253,"endHours":13.430516110308261,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:00","end":"09:23","startHours":9.005686112858902,"endHours":9.38226738923757,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:50","end":"07:08","startHours":6.840343773681555,"endHours":7.14160879478449,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:39","end":"12:24","startHours":11.641755047509585,"endHours":12.394917600266924,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:37","startHours":4.863292072693543,"endHours":5.6164546254508805,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:26","end":"06:22","startHours":5.428163987261546,"endHours":6.369617178208219,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:54","end":"14:39","startHours":13.901242705781598,"endHours":14.654405258538937,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:28","end":"17:52","startHours":17.46705546956829,"endHours":17.86705546956829,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:40","end":"18:08","startHours":17.66705546956829,"endHours":18.137782065041627,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:25","end":"19:10","startHours":17.41705546956829,"endHours":19.16705546956829,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:39","end":"00:24","startHours":23.641755047509587,"endHours":24.394917600266925,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:22","end":"07:47","startHours":6.369617178208219,"endHours":7.781796964628228,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:47","end":"09:12","startHours":7.781796964628228,"endHours":9.193976751048236,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:12","end":"10:36","startHours":9.193976751048236,"endHours":10.606156537468244,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:36","end":"12:01","startHours":10.606156537468244,"endHours":12.018336323888253,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:01","end":"13:26","startHours":12.018336323888253,"endHours":13.430516110308261,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:26","end":"14:51","startHours":13.430516110308261,"endHours":14.842695896728273,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:51","end":"16:15","startHours":14.842695896728273,"endHours":16.25487568314828,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:15","end":"17:40","startHours":16.25487568314828,"endHours":17.66705546956829,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:15","startHours":17.66705546956829,"endHours":19.25487568314828,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:15","end":"20:51","startHours":19.25487568314828,"endHours":20.842695896728273,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:51","end":"22:26","startHours":20.842695896728273,"endHours":22.43051611030826,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:26","end":"00:01","startHours":22.43051611030826,"endHours":24.018336323888256,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:01","end":"01:36","startHours":24.018336323888256,"endHours":25.606156537468244,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:36","end":"03:12","startHours":25.606156537468244,"endHours":27.193976751048236,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:12","end":"04:47","startHours":27.193976751048236,"endHours":28.781796964628228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:47","end":"06:22","startHours":28.781796964628228,"endHours":30.36961717820822,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.369617178208219,"endHours":7.369617178208219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.369617178208219,"endHours":8.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.36961717820822,"endHours":9.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.36961717820822,"endHours":10.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.36961717820822,"endHours":11.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.36961717820822,"endHours":12.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.36961717820822,"endHours":13.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.36961717820822,"endHours":14.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.36961717820822,"endHours":15.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.36961717820822,"endHours":16.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.36961717820822,"endHours":17.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.36961717820822,"endHours":18.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.36961717820822,"endHours":19.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.36961717820822,"endHours":20.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.36961717820822,"endHours":21.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.36961717820822,"endHours":22.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.36961717820822,"endHours":23.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.36961717820822,"endHours":24.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.36961717820822,"endHours":25.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.36961717820822,"endHours":26.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.36961717820822,"endHours":27.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.36961717820822,"endHours":28.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.36961717820822,"endHours":29.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.36961717820822,"endHours":30.36961717820822,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-10.648227650675263,"eotMinutes":15.829420566704727,"ayanamsa":23.8223}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"tula-sankranti","name":"Tulā Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"तुला सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Libra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Tulā"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 21, 1997 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 21, 1997 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 17:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-10-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-10-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-10-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-10-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-10-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T23:45:16.587Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T23:45:16.587Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T23:45:16.587Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}