{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1997-09-12:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-09-12","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-09-12","date_display":"September 12, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":9,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450703.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862238.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":144.7891,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":262.6285,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":117.8395,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8395},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":262.6285,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2952},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.4176},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":9,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450703.770833,"ahargana":1862238.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8208,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":145.504251,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":260.1171509999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1424},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":204.64975100000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":129.290251,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":289.38205100000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":186.16965100000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.099451,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":149.6547,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":329.6547,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":9,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450703.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862238.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":144.7891,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":262.6285,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":117.8395,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8395},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":262.6285,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2952},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.4176},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.142,"elongation":117.839},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.142,"opposition_distance":62.161}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-10,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.043,"elongation":1.659}]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:59","sunsetLocal":"18:26","solarNoonLocal":"12:13","dayLengthHours":12.45595721296157,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 27 Mins 21 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 32 Mins 39 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:44","moonsetLocal":"00:58","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:39","end":"12:13","startHours":10.652106755913382,"endHours":12.209101407533577,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:19","end":"16:53","startHours":15.32309071077397,"endHours":16.88008536239417,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:32","end":"09:06","startHours":7.5381174526729895,"endHours":9.095112104293186,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:18","startHours":8.887512817410492,"endHours":9.302711391175878,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:30","end":"06:50","startHours":6.5001210182595255,"endHours":6.832279877271834,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:48","end":"12:37","startHours":11.793902833768191,"endHours":12.624299981298963,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:19","end":"05:09","startHours":4.320328505991251,"endHours":5.150725653522022,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:57","end":"05:59","startHours":4.943126366639329,"endHours":5.981122801052793,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:17","end":"15:07","startHours":14.285094276360507,"endHours":15.115491423891278,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:14","end":"18:38","startHours":18.237080014014364,"endHours":18.637080014014362,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:26","end":"18:57","startHours":18.437080014014363,"endHours":18.956078231221095,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:11","end":"19:56","startHours":18.187080014014363,"endHours":19.937080014014363,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:48","end":"00:37","startHours":23.79390283376819,"endHours":24.624299981298964,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:59","end":"07:32","startHours":5.981122801052793,"endHours":7.5381174526729895,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:32","end":"09:06","startHours":7.5381174526729895,"endHours":9.095112104293186,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:06","end":"10:39","startHours":9.095112104293186,"endHours":10.652106755913382,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:39","end":"12:13","startHours":10.652106755913382,"endHours":12.209101407533577,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:13","end":"13:46","startHours":12.209101407533577,"endHours":13.766096059153774,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:46","end":"15:19","startHours":13.766096059153774,"endHours":15.32309071077397,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:19","end":"16:53","startHours":15.32309071077397,"endHours":16.88008536239417,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:53","end":"18:26","startHours":16.88008536239417,"endHours":18.437080014014363,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:26","end":"19:53","startHours":18.437080014014363,"endHours":19.880085362394166,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:53","end":"21:19","startHours":19.880085362394166,"endHours":21.323090710773972,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:19","end":"22:46","startHours":21.323090710773972,"endHours":22.766096059153774,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:46","end":"00:13","startHours":22.766096059153774,"endHours":24.209101407533577,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:13","end":"01:39","startHours":24.209101407533577,"endHours":25.65210675591338,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:39","end":"03:06","startHours":25.65210675591338,"endHours":27.095112104293186,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:06","end":"04:32","startHours":27.095112104293186,"endHours":28.53811745267299,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:32","end":"05:59","startHours":28.53811745267299,"endHours":29.98112280105279,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.981122801052793,"endHours":6.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.981122801052793,"endHours":7.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.981122801052793,"endHours":8.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.981122801052793,"endHours":9.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.981122801052793,"endHours":10.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.981122801052793,"endHours":11.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.981122801052793,"endHours":12.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.981122801052793,"endHours":13.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.981122801052793,"endHours":14.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.981122801052793,"endHours":15.981122801052793,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.981122801052793,"endHours":16.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.98112280105279,"endHours":17.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.98112280105279,"endHours":18.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.98112280105279,"endHours":19.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.98112280105279,"endHours":20.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.98112280105279,"endHours":21.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.98112280105279,"endHours":22.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.98112280105279,"endHours":23.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.98112280105279,"endHours":24.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.98112280105279,"endHours":25.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.98112280105279,"endHours":26.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.98112280105279,"endHours":27.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.98112280105279,"endHours":28.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.98112280105279,"endHours":29.98112280105279,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":4.225080904061446,"eotMinutes":4.383515547985428,"ayanamsa":23.8208}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 12, 1997 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 12, 1997 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 05:59, sūryāsta 18:26.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-09-12","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-09-12","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-09-12","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-09-12","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-09-12"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T23:44:13.575Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T23:44:13.575Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T23:44:13.575Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}