{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1997-04-24:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-04-24","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-24","date_display":"April 24, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450562.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862097.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":10.1917,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":204.4481,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":194.2564,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2564},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":204.4481,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.4481},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":214.6399},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450562.770833,"ahargana":1862097.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8154,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":10.091739000000018,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":203.933039,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.3068},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":143.00363900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":12.610238999999979,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":294.85813899999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":15.678539,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":349.412739,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":157.1256,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":337.1256,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450562.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862097.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":10.1917,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":204.4481,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":194.2564,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2564},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":204.4481,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.4481},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":214.6399},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.307,"elongation":165.744},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.307,"opposition_distance":14.256}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:41","sunsetLocal":"18:49","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":13.143037802239888,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 35 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 25 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:49","moonsetLocal":"06:32","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:54","end":"15:32","startHours":13.895075245300436,"endHours":15.537954970580422,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:41","end":"07:19","startHours":5.680676618900505,"endHours":7.323556344180491,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:58","end":"10:37","startHours":8.966436069460478,"endHours":10.609315794740464,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:45","end":"09:11","startHours":8.747385439423146,"endHours":9.185486699497808,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:14","end":"06:35","startHours":6.228303193993834,"endHours":6.578784202053564,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:41","startHours":11.814094259945787,"endHours":12.690296780095114,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:56","end":"04:48","startHours":3.928271578601853,"endHours":4.80447409875118,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:35","end":"05:41","startHours":4.585423468713848,"endHours":5.680676618900505,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:19","startHours":14.442701820393765,"endHours":15.31890434054309,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:37","end":"19:01","startHours":18.623714421140395,"endHours":19.023714421140394,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:49","end":"19:22","startHours":18.823714421140394,"endHours":19.371340996233723,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:34","end":"20:19","startHours":18.573714421140394,"endHours":20.323714421140394,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:41","startHours":23.814094259945787,"endHours":24.690296780095114,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:41","end":"07:19","startHours":5.680676618900505,"endHours":7.323556344180491,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:19","end":"08:58","startHours":7.323556344180491,"endHours":8.966436069460478,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:58","end":"10:37","startHours":8.966436069460478,"endHours":10.609315794740464,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:37","end":"12:15","startHours":10.609315794740464,"endHours":12.25219552002045,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:15","end":"13:54","startHours":12.25219552002045,"endHours":13.895075245300436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:54","end":"15:32","startHours":13.895075245300436,"endHours":15.537954970580422,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:32","end":"17:11","startHours":15.537954970580422,"endHours":17.18083469586041,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:11","end":"18:49","startHours":17.18083469586041,"endHours":18.823714421140394,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:49","end":"20:11","startHours":18.823714421140394,"endHours":20.18083469586041,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:11","end":"21:32","startHours":20.18083469586041,"endHours":21.537954970580422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:32","end":"22:54","startHours":21.537954970580422,"endHours":22.895075245300436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:54","end":"00:15","startHours":22.895075245300436,"endHours":24.25219552002045,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:15","end":"01:37","startHours":24.25219552002045,"endHours":25.609315794740464,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:37","end":"02:58","startHours":25.609315794740464,"endHours":26.966436069460478,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:58","end":"04:19","startHours":26.966436069460478,"endHours":28.323556344180492,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:19","end":"05:41","startHours":28.323556344180492,"endHours":29.680676618900506,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":5.680676618900505,"endHours":6.680676618900505,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:41","end":"07:41","startHours":6.680676618900505,"endHours":7.680676618900505,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:41","end":"08:41","startHours":7.680676618900505,"endHours":8.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:41","end":"09:41","startHours":8.680676618900506,"endHours":9.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:41","end":"10:41","startHours":9.680676618900506,"endHours":10.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:41","end":"11:41","startHours":10.680676618900506,"endHours":11.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:41","end":"12:41","startHours":11.680676618900506,"endHours":12.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:41","end":"13:41","startHours":12.680676618900506,"endHours":13.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:41","end":"14:41","startHours":13.680676618900506,"endHours":14.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:41","end":"15:41","startHours":14.680676618900506,"endHours":15.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:41","end":"16:41","startHours":15.680676618900506,"endHours":16.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:41","end":"17:41","startHours":16.680676618900506,"endHours":17.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:41","end":"18:41","startHours":17.680676618900506,"endHours":18.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:41","end":"19:41","startHours":18.680676618900506,"endHours":19.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:41","end":"20:41","startHours":19.680676618900506,"endHours":20.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:41","end":"21:41","startHours":20.680676618900506,"endHours":21.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:41","end":"22:41","startHours":21.680676618900506,"endHours":22.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:41","end":"23:41","startHours":22.680676618900506,"endHours":23.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:41","end":"00:41","startHours":23.680676618900506,"endHours":24.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:41","end":"01:41","startHours":24.680676618900506,"endHours":25.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:41","end":"02:41","startHours":25.680676618900506,"endHours":26.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:41","end":"03:41","startHours":26.680676618900506,"endHours":27.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:41","end":"04:41","startHours":27.680676618900506,"endHours":28.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:41","end":"05:41","startHours":28.680676618900506,"endHours":29.680676618900506,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":12.819153303691772,"eotMinutes":1.7978687987730522,"ayanamsa":23.8154}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 24, 1997 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 24, 1997 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 05:41, sūryāsta 18:49.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-04-24","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-04-24","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-04-24","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-04-24","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1997-04-24"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T05:10:42.201Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T05:10:42.201Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T05:10:42.201Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}