{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1991-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1991-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1991-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 1991 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1991,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448276.770833,"kali_year":5092,"ahargana":1859811.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.6848,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.1483,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":48.4634,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.4634},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.1483,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.1483},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":239.8331},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1991,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448276.770833,"ahargana":1859811.2708,"kali_year":5092,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.728,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.7373809999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":321.889581,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.2299},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":36.250381000000004,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":252.75688100000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":105.93418099999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":294.970681,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":274.010081,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":278.2488,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":98.2488,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1991,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448276.770833,"kali_year":5092,"ahargana":1859811.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.6848,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.1483,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":48.4634,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.4634},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.1483,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.1483},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":239.8331},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.23,"elongation":48.463},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.23,"opposition_distance":131.537}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-4,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.479,"elongation":0.76},{"offset_days":10,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.52,"opposition_distance":1.567}]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:13","sunsetLocal":"17:43","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":10.493289892317955,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 29 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 30 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:43","moonsetLocal":"21:22","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:24","end":"17:43","startHours":16.399882098573055,"endHours":17.7115433351128,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:28","end":"13:47","startHours":12.464898388953824,"endHours":13.776559625493567,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:05","end":"16:24","startHours":15.088220862033312,"endHours":16.399882098573055,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:40","end":"10:01","startHours":9.666687751002367,"endHours":10.0164640807463,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:39","end":"07:56","startHours":7.65547385497476,"endHours":7.935294918769905,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:49","startHours":12.11512205920989,"endHours":12.814674718697754,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:49","end":"06:31","startHours":5.819148123819118,"endHours":6.518700783306981,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:21","end":"07:13","startHours":6.343812618435015,"endHours":7.218253442794845,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"14:55","startHours":14.213780037673482,"endHours":14.913332697161346,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:31","end":"17:55","startHours":17.5115433351128,"endHours":17.9115433351128,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:43","end":"18:09","startHours":17.7115433351128,"endHours":18.148763747292715,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:28","end":"19:13","startHours":17.4615433351128,"endHours":19.2115433351128,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:49","startHours":24.115122059209888,"endHours":24.814674718697752,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:13","end":"08:32","startHours":7.218253442794845,"endHours":8.52991467933459,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:32","end":"09:50","startHours":8.52991467933459,"endHours":9.841575915874333,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:50","end":"11:09","startHours":9.841575915874333,"endHours":11.153237152414079,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:09","end":"12:28","startHours":11.153237152414079,"endHours":12.464898388953824,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:28","end":"13:47","startHours":12.464898388953824,"endHours":13.776559625493567,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:47","end":"15:05","startHours":13.776559625493567,"endHours":15.088220862033312,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:05","end":"16:24","startHours":15.088220862033312,"endHours":16.399882098573055,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:24","end":"17:43","startHours":16.399882098573055,"endHours":17.7115433351128,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:43","end":"19:24","startHours":17.7115433351128,"endHours":19.399882098573055,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:24","end":"21:05","startHours":19.399882098573055,"endHours":21.08822086203331,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:05","end":"22:47","startHours":21.08822086203331,"endHours":22.77655962549357,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:47","end":"00:28","startHours":22.77655962549357,"endHours":24.464898388953824,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:28","end":"02:09","startHours":24.464898388953824,"endHours":26.15323715241408,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:09","end":"03:50","startHours":26.15323715241408,"endHours":27.841575915874333,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:50","end":"05:32","startHours":27.841575915874333,"endHours":29.52991467933459,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:32","end":"07:13","startHours":29.52991467933459,"endHours":31.218253442794847,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.218253442794845,"endHours":8.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.218253442794845,"endHours":9.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.218253442794845,"endHours":10.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.218253442794845,"endHours":11.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.218253442794845,"endHours":12.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.218253442794845,"endHours":13.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.218253442794845,"endHours":14.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.218253442794845,"endHours":15.218253442794845,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.218253442794845,"endHours":16.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.218253442794847,"endHours":17.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.218253442794847,"endHours":18.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.218253442794847,"endHours":19.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.218253442794847,"endHours":20.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.218253442794847,"endHours":21.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.218253442794847,"endHours":22.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.218253442794847,"endHours":23.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.218253442794847,"endHours":24.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.218253442794847,"endHours":25.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.218253442794847,"endHours":26.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.218253442794847,"endHours":27.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.218253442794847,"endHours":28.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.218253442794847,"endHours":29.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.218253442794847,"endHours":30.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":30.218253442794847,"endHours":31.218253442794847,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.260378055984557,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":23.728}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2048,"vikram_samvatsara":"Tāraṇa","saka_samvat":1913,"saka_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","bengali_samvat":1398,"malayalam_era":1167,"nanakshahi_year":522,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2048 Tāraṇa · Śaka 1913 Prajāpati"},"festivals":[{"id":"sarasvati-jayanti","name":"Sarasvatī Jayantī (Vasanta Pañchamī)","name_sanskrit":"सरस्वती जयन्ती / वसन्त पञ्चमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sarasvatī (Vāk-tattva)","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Sarasvatī; vidyā-ārambha day; vasanta-ṛtu begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Skanda Purāṇa","Devī Bhāgavata"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 1991 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 1991 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:13, sūryāsta 17:43.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1991-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1991-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1991-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1991-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1991-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T02:55:35.239Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T02:55:35.239Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T02:55:35.239Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}