{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1978-11-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-11-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-11-28","date_display":"November 28, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":11,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443840.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855375.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":221.413,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":191.2819,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":329.8689,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8689},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":191.2819,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.6153},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":52.6949},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":11,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443840.770833,"ahargana":1855375.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5583,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":221.88676899999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":191.84476900000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.7682},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":235.70746899999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":238.17696899999999,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":105.18486899999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":194.07516899999996,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":139.58986900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":153.2895,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":333.2895,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":11,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443840.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855375.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":221.413,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":191.2819,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":329.8689,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8689},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":191.2819,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.6153},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":52.6949},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.768,"elongation":30.131},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.768,"opposition_distance":149.869}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:53","sunsetLocal":"17:18","solarNoonLocal":"12:06","dayLengthHours":10.408675000958555,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 24 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 35 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:34","moonsetLocal":"15:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:42","end":"16:00","startHours":14.697250981178716,"endHours":15.998335356298535,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:30","end":"10:48","startHours":9.492913480699437,"endHours":10.793997855819256,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:06","end":"13:24","startHours":12.095082230939077,"endHours":13.396166606058895,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:19","end":"09:40","startHours":9.319435564016796,"endHours":9.66639139738208,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:19","end":"07:36","startHours":7.324439522166405,"endHours":7.602004188858634,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:45","end":"12:27","startHours":11.748126397573792,"endHours":12.442038064304363,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:30","end":"06:12","startHours":5.502921396998659,"endHours":6.196833063729229,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:01","end":"06:53","startHours":6.023355147046586,"endHours":6.890744730459799,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:50","end":"14:31","startHours":13.829861397765502,"endHours":14.523773064496073,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:06","end":"17:30","startHours":17.099419731418354,"endHours":17.499419731418353,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:18","end":"17:44","startHours":17.299419731418354,"endHours":17.73311452312496,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:03","end":"18:48","startHours":17.049419731418354,"endHours":18.799419731418354,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:45","end":"00:27","startHours":23.74812639757379,"endHours":24.442038064304363,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:53","end":"08:12","startHours":6.890744730459799,"endHours":8.191829105579618,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:12","end":"09:30","startHours":8.191829105579618,"endHours":9.492913480699437,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:30","end":"10:48","startHours":9.492913480699437,"endHours":10.793997855819256,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:48","end":"12:06","startHours":10.793997855819256,"endHours":12.095082230939077,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:06","end":"13:24","startHours":12.095082230939077,"endHours":13.396166606058895,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:24","end":"14:42","startHours":13.396166606058895,"endHours":14.697250981178716,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:42","end":"16:00","startHours":14.697250981178716,"endHours":15.998335356298535,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:00","end":"17:18","startHours":15.998335356298535,"endHours":17.299419731418354,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:18","end":"19:00","startHours":17.299419731418354,"endHours":18.998335356298533,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:00","end":"20:42","startHours":18.998335356298533,"endHours":20.697250981178716,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:42","end":"22:24","startHours":20.697250981178716,"endHours":22.396166606058895,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:24","end":"00:06","startHours":22.396166606058895,"endHours":24.095082230939077,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:06","end":"01:48","startHours":24.095082230939077,"endHours":25.793997855819256,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:48","end":"03:30","startHours":25.793997855819256,"endHours":27.492913480699436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:30","end":"05:12","startHours":27.492913480699436,"endHours":29.191829105579618,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:12","end":"06:53","startHours":29.191829105579618,"endHours":30.8907447304598,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:53","end":"07:53","startHours":6.890744730459799,"endHours":7.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:53","end":"08:53","startHours":7.890744730459799,"endHours":8.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:53","end":"09:53","startHours":8.890744730459799,"endHours":9.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:53","end":"10:53","startHours":9.890744730459799,"endHours":10.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:53","end":"11:53","startHours":10.890744730459799,"endHours":11.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:53","end":"12:53","startHours":11.890744730459799,"endHours":12.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:53","end":"13:53","startHours":12.890744730459799,"endHours":13.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:53","end":"14:53","startHours":13.890744730459799,"endHours":14.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:53","end":"15:53","startHours":14.890744730459799,"endHours":15.890744730459799,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:53","end":"16:53","startHours":15.890744730459799,"endHours":16.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:53","end":"17:53","startHours":16.8907447304598,"endHours":17.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:53","end":"18:53","startHours":17.8907447304598,"endHours":18.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:53","end":"19:53","startHours":18.8907447304598,"endHours":19.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:53","end":"20:53","startHours":19.8907447304598,"endHours":20.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:53","end":"21:53","startHours":20.8907447304598,"endHours":21.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:53","end":"22:53","startHours":21.8907447304598,"endHours":22.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:53","end":"23:53","startHours":22.8907447304598,"endHours":23.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:53","end":"00:53","startHours":23.8907447304598,"endHours":24.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:53","end":"01:53","startHours":24.8907447304598,"endHours":25.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:53","end":"02:53","startHours":25.8907447304598,"endHours":26.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:53","end":"03:53","startHours":26.8907447304598,"endHours":27.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:53","end":"04:53","startHours":27.8907447304598,"endHours":28.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:53","end":"05:53","startHours":28.8907447304598,"endHours":29.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:53","end":"06:53","startHours":29.8907447304598,"endHours":30.8907447304598,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.20849759778217,"eotMinutes":11.224666143655435,"ayanamsa":23.5583}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga November 28, 1978 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"November 28, 1978 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:53, sūryāsta 17:18.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-11-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-11-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-11-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-11-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-11-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T19:00:01.009Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T19:00:01.009Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T19:00:01.009Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}