{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1978-04-19:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-04-19","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-04-19","date_display":"April 19, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":4,"day":19,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443617.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855152.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":5.2535,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.1806,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":128.927,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.927},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.1806,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8472},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":139.4341},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":4,"day":19,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443617.770833,"ahargana":1855152.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5498,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":5.088288999999975,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":133.889989,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.3108},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":99.80498899999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":353.359289,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":67.25448899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":26.655288999999982,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":120.057189,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":165.1051,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":345.1051,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":4,"day":19,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443617.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855152.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":5.2535,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.1806,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":128.927,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.927},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.1806,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8472},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":139.4341},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.311,"elongation":128.927},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.311,"opposition_distance":51.073}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:46","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":12.993025458797426,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 59 Mins 35 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 00 Mins 25 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:28","moonsetLocal":"03:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:16","end":"13:54","startHours":12.269817726756859,"endHours":13.893945909106538,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:24","end":"09:01","startHours":7.397433179707823,"endHours":9.0215613620575,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:39","end":"12:16","startHours":10.64568954440718,"endHours":12.269817726756859,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:14","startHours":8.80501093774421,"endHours":9.238111786370792,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:19","end":"06:40","startHours":6.314681058141371,"endHours":6.661161737042636,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:42","startHours":11.836716878130279,"endHours":12.702918575383439,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:02","end":"04:54","startHours":4.040901602851822,"endHours":4.907103300104983,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:41","end":"05:46","startHours":4.690552875791693,"endHours":5.773304997358145,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:18","startHours":14.435321969889763,"endHours":15.301523667142925,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.566330456155573,"endHours":18.96633045615557,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:18","startHours":18.766330456155572,"endHours":19.307706516938797,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.516330456155572,"endHours":20.266330456155572,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:42","startHours":23.83671687813028,"endHours":24.70291857538344,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:46","end":"07:24","startHours":5.773304997358145,"endHours":7.397433179707823,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:24","end":"09:01","startHours":7.397433179707823,"endHours":9.0215613620575,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:01","end":"10:39","startHours":9.0215613620575,"endHours":10.64568954440718,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:39","end":"12:16","startHours":10.64568954440718,"endHours":12.269817726756859,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:16","end":"13:54","startHours":12.269817726756859,"endHours":13.893945909106538,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:54","end":"15:31","startHours":13.893945909106538,"endHours":15.518074091456214,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:31","end":"17:09","startHours":15.518074091456214,"endHours":17.142202273805893,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:09","end":"18:46","startHours":17.142202273805893,"endHours":18.766330456155572,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:46","end":"20:09","startHours":18.766330456155572,"endHours":20.142202273805893,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:09","end":"21:31","startHours":20.142202273805893,"endHours":21.518074091456214,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:31","end":"22:54","startHours":21.518074091456214,"endHours":22.893945909106538,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:54","end":"00:16","startHours":22.893945909106538,"endHours":24.26981772675686,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:16","end":"01:39","startHours":24.26981772675686,"endHours":25.64568954440718,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:39","end":"03:01","startHours":25.64568954440718,"endHours":27.021561362057504,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:01","end":"04:24","startHours":27.021561362057504,"endHours":28.397433179707825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:24","end":"05:46","startHours":28.397433179707825,"endHours":29.773304997358146,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:46","end":"06:46","startHours":5.773304997358145,"endHours":6.773304997358145,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:46","end":"07:46","startHours":6.773304997358145,"endHours":7.773304997358145,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:46","end":"08:46","startHours":7.773304997358145,"endHours":8.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:46","end":"09:46","startHours":8.773304997358146,"endHours":9.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:46","end":"10:46","startHours":9.773304997358146,"endHours":10.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:46","end":"11:46","startHours":10.773304997358146,"endHours":11.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:46","end":"12:46","startHours":11.773304997358146,"endHours":12.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:46","end":"13:46","startHours":12.773304997358146,"endHours":13.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:46","end":"14:46","startHours":13.773304997358146,"endHours":14.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:46","end":"15:46","startHours":14.773304997358146,"endHours":15.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:46","end":"16:46","startHours":15.773304997358146,"endHours":16.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:46","end":"17:46","startHours":16.773304997358146,"endHours":17.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:46","end":"18:46","startHours":17.773304997358146,"endHours":18.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:46","end":"19:46","startHours":18.773304997358146,"endHours":19.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:46","end":"20:46","startHours":19.773304997358146,"endHours":20.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:46","end":"21:46","startHours":20.773304997358146,"endHours":21.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:46","end":"22:46","startHours":21.773304997358146,"endHours":22.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:46","end":"23:46","startHours":22.773304997358146,"endHours":23.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:46","end":"00:46","startHours":23.773304997358146,"endHours":24.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:46","end":"01:46","startHours":24.773304997358146,"endHours":25.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:46","end":"02:46","startHours":25.773304997358146,"endHours":26.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:46","end":"03:46","startHours":26.773304997358146,"endHours":27.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:46","end":"04:46","startHours":27.773304997358146,"endHours":28.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:46","end":"05:46","startHours":28.773304997358146,"endHours":29.773304997358146,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":10.989166805824556,"eotMinutes":0.740536394588492,"ayanamsa":23.5498}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"mohini-ekadashi","name":"Mohinī Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"मोहिनी एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu (Mohinī form)","significance":"Mohinī-form of Viṣṇu deceived asuras during samudra-mathana for amṛta.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":3,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.9"]},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 19, 1978 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 19, 1978 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:46, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-04-19","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-04-19","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-04-19","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-04-19","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-04-19"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T02:29:07.581Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T02:29:07.581Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T02:29:07.581Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}