{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1978-01-17:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-01-17","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-01-17","date_display":"January 17, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":1,"day":17,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443525.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855060.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.9798,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":10.6364,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":97.6566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.6566},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":10.6364,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.6364},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":283.6162},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":1,"day":17,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443525.770833,"ahargana":1855060.2708,"kali_year":5079,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5463,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.023404,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":13.282203999999979,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.586},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":100.38090399999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":250.453304,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":64.14010400000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.096804,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":125.78450399999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":169.9797,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":349.9797,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":1,"day":17,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443525.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855060.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.9798,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":10.6364,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":97.6566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.6566},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":10.6364,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.6364},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":283.6162},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.586,"elongation":97.657},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.586,"opposition_distance":82.343}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:14","sunsetLocal":"17:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":10.441877306669433,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 26 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 33 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:32","moonsetLocal":"01:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:04","end":"16:22","startHours":15.059730805769167,"endHours":16.36496546910285,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:50","end":"11:09","startHours":9.83879215243445,"endHours":11.14402681576813,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:27","end":"13:45","startHours":12.44926147910181,"endHours":13.754496142435489,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:40","end":"10:01","startHours":9.664760863989962,"endHours":10.012823440878941,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:40","end":"07:57","startHours":7.663401046878319,"endHours":7.941851108389504,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:48","startHours":12.101198902212829,"endHours":12.797324055990792,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:50","end":"06:32","startHours":5.836072518211169,"endHours":6.532197671989131,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:21","end":"07:14","startHours":6.35816638354464,"endHours":7.228322825767093,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:11","end":"14:53","startHours":14.189574363546715,"endHours":14.885699517324676,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:28","end":"17:52","startHours":17.470200132436528,"endHours":17.870200132436526,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:40","end":"18:06","startHours":17.670200132436527,"endHours":18.105278353547753,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:25","end":"19:10","startHours":17.420200132436527,"endHours":19.170200132436527,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:48","startHours":24.10119890221283,"endHours":24.797324055990792,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:14","end":"08:32","startHours":7.228322825767093,"endHours":8.533557489100772,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:32","end":"09:50","startHours":8.533557489100772,"endHours":9.83879215243445,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:50","end":"11:09","startHours":9.83879215243445,"endHours":11.14402681576813,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:09","end":"12:27","startHours":11.14402681576813,"endHours":12.44926147910181,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:27","end":"13:45","startHours":12.44926147910181,"endHours":13.754496142435489,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:45","end":"15:04","startHours":13.754496142435489,"endHours":15.059730805769167,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:04","end":"16:22","startHours":15.059730805769167,"endHours":16.36496546910285,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:22","end":"17:40","startHours":16.36496546910285,"endHours":17.670200132436527,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:22","startHours":17.670200132436527,"endHours":19.36496546910285,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:22","end":"21:04","startHours":19.36496546910285,"endHours":21.05973080576917,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:04","end":"22:45","startHours":21.05973080576917,"endHours":22.75449614243549,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:45","end":"00:27","startHours":22.75449614243549,"endHours":24.44926147910181,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:27","end":"02:09","startHours":24.44926147910181,"endHours":26.144026815768132,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:09","end":"03:50","startHours":26.144026815768132,"endHours":27.83879215243445,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:50","end":"05:32","startHours":27.83879215243445,"endHours":29.533557489100772,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:32","end":"07:14","startHours":29.533557489100772,"endHours":31.228322825767094,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.228322825767093,"endHours":8.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.228322825767094,"endHours":9.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.228322825767094,"endHours":10.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.228322825767094,"endHours":11.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.228322825767094,"endHours":12.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.228322825767094,"endHours":13.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.228322825767094,"endHours":14.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.228322825767094,"endHours":15.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.228322825767094,"endHours":16.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.228322825767094,"endHours":17.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.228322825767094,"endHours":18.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.228322825767094,"endHours":19.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.228322825767094,"endHours":20.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.228322825767094,"endHours":21.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.228322825767094,"endHours":22.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.228322825767094,"endHours":23.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.228322825767094,"endHours":24.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.228322825767094,"endHours":25.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.228322825767094,"endHours":26.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.228322825767094,"endHours":27.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.228322825767094,"endHours":28.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.228322825767094,"endHours":29.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.228322825767094,"endHours":30.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":30.228322825767094,"endHours":31.228322825767094,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.838085723526724,"eotMinutes":-10.026088746108654,"ayanamsa":23.5463}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 17, 1978 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 17, 1978 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 07:14, sūryāsta 17:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-01-17","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-01-17","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-01-17","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-01-17","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1978-01-17"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T21:32:08.697Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T21:32:08.697Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T21:32:08.697Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}