{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1971-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1971-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 1971 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441316.770833,"kali_year":5073,"ahargana":1852851.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.0505,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.2816,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":171.2311,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.2311},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":66.2816,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9483},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.3321},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1971,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441316.770833,"ahargana":1852851.2708,"kali_year":5073,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4618,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.230004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":64.705604,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.9352},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":339.686804,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":233.015804,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":239.408904,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":286.529004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":37.379103999999984,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":287.0231,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":107.0231,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441316.770833,"kali_year":5073,"ahargana":1852851.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.0505,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.2816,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":171.2311,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.2311},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":66.2816,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9483},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.3321},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.935,"elongation":171.231},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.935,"opposition_distance":8.769}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:13","sunsetLocal":"17:27","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":10.231240066795152,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 13 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 46 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:37","moonsetLocal":"06:39","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:03","end":"12:20","startHours":11.057525573714027,"endHours":12.336430582063421,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:54","end":"16:10","startHours":14.89424059876221,"endHours":16.173145607111604,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:30","end":"09:47","startHours":8.49971555701524,"endHours":9.778620565364633,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:36","end":"09:57","startHours":9.608099897584713,"endHours":9.949141233144552,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:39","end":"07:55","startHours":7.647112218115643,"endHours":7.919945286563514,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:41","startHours":11.995389246503583,"endHours":12.67747191762326,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:51","end":"06:32","startHours":5.8566452064264904,"endHours":6.538727877546168,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:22","end":"07:13","startHours":6.368207209766249,"endHours":7.2208105486658445,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:43","startHours":14.041637259862611,"endHours":14.723719930982288,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:15","end":"17:39","startHours":17.252050615461,"endHours":17.652050615460997,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:27","end":"17:53","startHours":17.452050615460998,"endHours":17.878352284910797,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:12","end":"18:57","startHours":17.202050615460998,"endHours":18.952050615460998,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:41","startHours":23.99538924650358,"endHours":24.67747191762326,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"07:13","end":"08:30","startHours":7.2208105486658445,"endHours":8.49971555701524,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:30","end":"09:47","startHours":8.49971555701524,"endHours":9.778620565364633,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:47","end":"11:03","startHours":9.778620565364633,"endHours":11.057525573714027,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:03","end":"12:20","startHours":11.057525573714027,"endHours":12.336430582063421,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:20","end":"13:37","startHours":12.336430582063421,"endHours":13.615335590412815,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:37","end":"14:54","startHours":13.615335590412815,"endHours":14.89424059876221,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:54","end":"16:10","startHours":14.89424059876221,"endHours":16.173145607111604,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:10","end":"17:27","startHours":16.173145607111604,"endHours":17.452050615460998,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:27","end":"19:10","startHours":17.452050615460998,"endHours":19.173145607111604,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:10","end":"20:54","startHours":19.173145607111604,"endHours":20.89424059876221,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:54","end":"22:37","startHours":20.89424059876221,"endHours":22.615335590412815,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:37","end":"00:20","startHours":22.615335590412815,"endHours":24.33643058206342,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:20","end":"02:03","startHours":24.33643058206342,"endHours":26.057525573714027,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:03","end":"03:47","startHours":26.057525573714027,"endHours":27.778620565364633,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:47","end":"05:30","startHours":27.778620565364633,"endHours":29.49971555701524,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:30","end":"07:13","startHours":29.49971555701524,"endHours":31.220810548665845,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.2208105486658445,"endHours":8.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.220810548665845,"endHours":9.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.220810548665845,"endHours":10.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.220810548665845,"endHours":11.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.220810548665845,"endHours":12.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.220810548665845,"endHours":13.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.220810548665845,"endHours":14.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.220810548665845,"endHours":15.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.220810548665845,"endHours":16.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.220810548665845,"endHours":17.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.220810548665845,"endHours":18.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.220810548665845,"endHours":19.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.220810548665845,"endHours":20.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.220810548665845,"endHours":21.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.220810548665845,"endHours":22.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.220810548665845,"endHours":23.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.220810548665845,"endHours":24.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.220810548665845,"endHours":25.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.220810548665845,"endHours":26.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.220810548665845,"endHours":27.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.220810548665845,"endHours":28.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.220810548665845,"endHours":29.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.220810548665845,"endHours":30.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":30.220810548665845,"endHours":31.220810548665845,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.151560680119154,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.4618}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2028,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1893,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1378,"malayalam_era":1147,"nanakshahi_year":502,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2028 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1893 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"paush-purnima","name":"Pauṣa Pūrṇimā (Śākambharī Devī Jayantī)","name_sanskrit":"पौष पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Devī Śākambharī","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Śākambharī (vegetation-mother).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Pauṣa"},"precedence":3}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 1971 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 1971 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 07:13, sūryāsta 17:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T12:09:57.233Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T12:09:57.233Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T12:09:57.233Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}