{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1971-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1971-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 1971 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440971.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852506.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8645,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":191.7712,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":275.9067,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9067},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":191.7712,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1045},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":107.6357},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440971.770833,"ahargana":1852506.2708,"kali_year":5072,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4486,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.868285,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":188.931785,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1251},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":215.02748500000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":252.11528500000009,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":218.27298500000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":229.33678499999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":22.675284999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":305.3029,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":125.3029,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440971.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852506.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8645,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":191.7712,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":275.9067,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9067},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":191.7712,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1045},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":107.6357},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.125,"elongation":84.093},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.125,"opposition_distance":95.907}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:13","sunsetLocal":"17:43","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":10.490551129881897,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 29 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 30 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:06","moonsetLocal":"12:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:28","end":"13:47","startHours":12.464898388953822,"endHours":13.776217280189059,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:32","end":"09:51","startHours":8.53094171524811,"endHours":9.842260606483347,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:09","end":"12:28","startHours":11.153579497718585,"endHours":12.464898388953822,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:40","end":"10:01","startHours":9.667418087651983,"endHours":10.017103125314712,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:39","end":"07:56","startHours":7.656729121091286,"endHours":7.93647715122147,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:49","startHours":12.115213351291091,"endHours":12.814583426616553,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:49","end":"06:31","startHours":5.820882673361954,"endHours":6.520252748687414,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:21","end":"07:13","startHours":6.345410229856048,"endHours":7.219622824012873,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"14:55","startHours":14.21332357726747,"endHours":14.91269365259293,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:31","end":"17:55","startHours":17.51017395389477,"endHours":17.91017395389477,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:43","end":"18:09","startHours":17.71017395389477,"endHours":18.147280250973182,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:28","end":"19:13","startHours":17.46017395389477,"endHours":19.21017395389477,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:49","startHours":24.11521335129109,"endHours":24.81458342661655,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:13","end":"08:32","startHours":7.219622824012873,"endHours":8.53094171524811,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:32","end":"09:51","startHours":8.53094171524811,"endHours":9.842260606483347,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:51","end":"11:09","startHours":9.842260606483347,"endHours":11.153579497718585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:09","end":"12:28","startHours":11.153579497718585,"endHours":12.464898388953822,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:28","end":"13:47","startHours":12.464898388953822,"endHours":13.776217280189059,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:47","end":"15:05","startHours":13.776217280189059,"endHours":15.087536171424297,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:05","end":"16:24","startHours":15.087536171424297,"endHours":16.398855062659536,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:24","end":"17:43","startHours":16.398855062659536,"endHours":17.71017395389477,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:43","end":"19:24","startHours":17.71017395389477,"endHours":19.398855062659532,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:24","end":"21:05","startHours":19.398855062659532,"endHours":21.087536171424297,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:05","end":"22:47","startHours":21.087536171424297,"endHours":22.77621728018906,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:47","end":"00:28","startHours":22.77621728018906,"endHours":24.46489838895382,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:28","end":"02:09","startHours":24.46489838895382,"endHours":26.153579497718585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:09","end":"03:51","startHours":26.153579497718585,"endHours":27.842260606483347,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:51","end":"05:32","startHours":27.842260606483347,"endHours":29.53094171524811,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:32","end":"07:13","startHours":29.53094171524811,"endHours":31.219622824012873,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.219622824012873,"endHours":8.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.219622824012873,"endHours":9.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.219622824012873,"endHours":10.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.219622824012873,"endHours":11.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.219622824012873,"endHours":12.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.219622824012873,"endHours":13.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.219622824012873,"endHours":14.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.219622824012873,"endHours":15.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.219622824012873,"endHours":16.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.219622824012873,"endHours":17.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.219622824012873,"endHours":18.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.219622824012873,"endHours":19.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.219622824012873,"endHours":20.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.219622824012873,"endHours":21.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.219622824012873,"endHours":22.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.219622824012873,"endHours":23.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.219622824012873,"endHours":24.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.219622824012873,"endHours":25.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.219622824012873,"endHours":26.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.219622824012873,"endHours":27.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.219622824012873,"endHours":28.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.219622824012873,"endHours":29.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.219622824012873,"endHours":30.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":30.219622824012873,"endHours":31.219622824012873,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.291278419278637,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":23.4486}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2028,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1893,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1378,"malayalam_era":1147,"nanakshahi_year":502,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2028 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1893 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 1971 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 1971 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 07:13, sūryāsta 17:43.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1971-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T00:45:40.708Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T00:45:40.708Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-20T00:45:40.708Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}