{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1948-12-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1948-12-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1948-12-21","date_display":"December 21, 1948 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1948,"month":12,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432906.770833,"kali_year":5050,"ahargana":1844441.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":245.7504,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":125.3701,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.6197,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.6197},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":125.3701,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.3701},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":11.1205},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1948,"month":12,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432906.770833,"ahargana":1844441.2708,"kali_year":5050,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.1402,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":245.95632799999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":127.29452800000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1494},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":266.1305279999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":251.33502799999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":256.030628,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":218.48542799999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":133.35632800000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":12.6254,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":192.6254,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1948,"month":12,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2432906.770833,"kali_year":5050,"ahargana":1844441.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":245.7504,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":125.3701,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.6197,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.6197},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":125.3701,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.3701},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":11.1205},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.149,"elongation":120.38},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.149,"opposition_distance":59.62}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:09","sunsetLocal":"17:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":10.205017412771756,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 12 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 47 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:51","moonsetLocal":"10:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:49","end":"16:05","startHours":14.810370529743901,"endHours":16.085997706340372,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:42","end":"10:59","startHours":9.707861823358023,"endHours":10.983488999954492,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:16","end":"13:32","startHours":12.259116176550961,"endHours":13.53474335314743,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:32","end":"09:53","startHours":9.537778199811827,"endHours":9.877945446904219,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:35","end":"07:51","startHours":7.581816529030574,"endHours":7.853950326704488,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:36","startHours":11.91894892945857,"endHours":12.599283423643355,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:48","end":"06:29","startHours":5.795938481795517,"endHours":6.4762729759803,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:18","end":"07:09","startHours":6.306189352434104,"endHours":7.156607470165084,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:58","end":"14:38","startHours":13.959952412012921,"endHours":14.640286906197705,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:10","end":"17:34","startHours":17.16162488293684,"endHours":17.56162488293684,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:22","end":"17:47","startHours":17.36162488293684,"endHours":17.786833941802332,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:07","end":"18:52","startHours":17.11162488293684,"endHours":18.86162488293684,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:36","startHours":23.91894892945857,"endHours":24.599283423643353,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:09","end":"08:26","startHours":7.156607470165084,"endHours":8.432234646761554,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:26","end":"09:42","startHours":8.432234646761554,"endHours":9.707861823358023,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:42","end":"10:59","startHours":9.707861823358023,"endHours":10.983488999954492,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:59","end":"12:16","startHours":10.983488999954492,"endHours":12.259116176550961,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:16","end":"13:32","startHours":12.259116176550961,"endHours":13.53474335314743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:32","end":"14:49","startHours":13.53474335314743,"endHours":14.810370529743901,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:49","end":"16:05","startHours":14.810370529743901,"endHours":16.085997706340372,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:05","end":"17:22","startHours":16.085997706340372,"endHours":17.36162488293684,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:22","end":"19:05","startHours":17.36162488293684,"endHours":19.085997706340372,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:05","end":"20:49","startHours":19.085997706340372,"endHours":20.810370529743903,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:49","end":"22:32","startHours":20.810370529743903,"endHours":22.534743353147434,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:32","end":"00:16","startHours":22.534743353147434,"endHours":24.25911617655096,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:16","end":"01:59","startHours":24.25911617655096,"endHours":25.983488999954496,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:59","end":"03:42","startHours":25.983488999954496,"endHours":27.707861823358023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:42","end":"05:26","startHours":27.707861823358023,"endHours":29.432234646761554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:26","end":"07:09","startHours":29.432234646761554,"endHours":31.156607470165085,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:09","end":"08:09","startHours":7.156607470165084,"endHours":8.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:09","end":"09:09","startHours":8.156607470165085,"endHours":9.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:09","end":"10:09","startHours":9.156607470165085,"endHours":10.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:09","end":"11:09","startHours":10.156607470165085,"endHours":11.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:09","end":"12:09","startHours":11.156607470165085,"endHours":12.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:09","end":"13:09","startHours":12.156607470165085,"endHours":13.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:09","end":"14:09","startHours":13.156607470165085,"endHours":14.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:09","end":"15:09","startHours":14.156607470165085,"endHours":15.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:09","end":"16:09","startHours":15.156607470165085,"endHours":16.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:09","end":"17:09","startHours":16.156607470165085,"endHours":17.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:09","end":"18:09","startHours":17.156607470165085,"endHours":18.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:09","end":"19:09","startHours":18.156607470165085,"endHours":19.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:09","end":"20:09","startHours":19.156607470165085,"endHours":20.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:09","end":"21:09","startHours":20.156607470165085,"endHours":21.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:09","end":"22:09","startHours":21.156607470165085,"endHours":22.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:09","end":"23:09","startHours":22.156607470165085,"endHours":23.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:09","end":"00:09","startHours":23.156607470165085,"endHours":24.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:09","end":"01:09","startHours":24.156607470165085,"endHours":25.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:09","end":"02:09","startHours":25.156607470165085,"endHours":26.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:09","end":"03:09","startHours":26.156607470165085,"endHours":27.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:09","end":"04:09","startHours":27.156607470165085,"endHours":28.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:09","end":"05:09","startHours":28.156607470165085,"endHours":29.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:09","end":"06:09","startHours":29.156607470165085,"endHours":30.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:09","end":"07:09","startHours":30.156607470165085,"endHours":31.156607470165085,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.433412215523653,"eotMinutes":1.382629406942221,"ayanamsa":23.1402}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2005,"vikram_samvatsara":"Plava","saka_samvat":1870,"saka_samvatsara":"Sarvadhāri","bengali_samvat":1355,"malayalam_era":1124,"nanakshahi_year":479,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2005 Plava · Śaka 1870 Sarvadhāri"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 21, 1948 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 21, 1948 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:09, sūryāsta 17:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1948-12-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1948-12-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1948-12-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1948-12-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1948-12-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T13:26:52.687Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T13:26:52.687Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T13:26:52.687Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}