{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1908-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1908-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 1908 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2417960.770833,"kali_year":5009,"ahargana":1829495.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.1739,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":114.1968,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":198.0229,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.0229},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":114.1968,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.5302},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.3707},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1908,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2417960.770833,"ahargana":1829495.2708,"kali_year":5009,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5685,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.029275,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":111.88527499999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.2251},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":344.929675,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":281.00237500000003,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":108.427075,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":308.052275,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":331.9577750000001,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":84.5364,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":264.5364,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2417960.770833,"kali_year":5009,"ahargana":1829495.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.1739,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":114.1968,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":198.0229,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.0229},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":114.1968,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.5302},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.3707},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.225,"elongation":161.977},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.225,"opposition_distance":18.023}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-16,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.366,"elongation":0.969}]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:14","sunsetLocal":"17:42","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":10.477442218353563,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 28 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 31 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:49","moonsetLocal":"08:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:32","end":"09:51","startHours":8.535857557071235,"endHours":9.84553783436543,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:09","end":"12:28","startHours":11.155218111659627,"endHours":12.464898388953822,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:46","end":"15:05","startHours":13.774578666248017,"endHours":15.084258943542213,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:40","end":"10:01","startHours":9.670913797392872,"endHours":10.02016187133799,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:40","end":"07:57","startHours":7.662737372208439,"endHours":7.942135831364534,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:49","startHours":12.115650315008702,"endHours":12.814146462898941,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:50","end":"06:32","startHours":5.829184983996566,"endHours":6.527681131886803,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:21","end":"07:14","startHours":6.353057094914243,"endHours":7.2261772797770405,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"14:55","startHours":14.211138758679414,"endHours":14.909634906569652,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:30","end":"17:54","startHours":17.503619498130604,"endHours":17.903619498130602,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:42","end":"18:08","startHours":17.703619498130603,"endHours":18.140179590562003,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:27","end":"19:12","startHours":17.453619498130603,"endHours":19.203619498130603,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:49","startHours":24.1156503150087,"endHours":24.81414646289894,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:14","end":"08:32","startHours":7.2261772797770405,"endHours":8.535857557071235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:32","end":"09:51","startHours":8.535857557071235,"endHours":9.84553783436543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:51","end":"11:09","startHours":9.84553783436543,"endHours":11.155218111659627,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:09","end":"12:28","startHours":11.155218111659627,"endHours":12.464898388953822,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:28","end":"13:46","startHours":12.464898388953822,"endHours":13.774578666248017,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:46","end":"15:05","startHours":13.774578666248017,"endHours":15.084258943542213,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:05","end":"16:24","startHours":15.084258943542213,"endHours":16.39393922083641,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:24","end":"17:42","startHours":16.39393922083641,"endHours":17.703619498130603,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:42","end":"19:24","startHours":17.703619498130603,"endHours":19.39393922083641,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:24","end":"21:05","startHours":19.39393922083641,"endHours":21.084258943542213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:05","end":"22:46","startHours":21.084258943542213,"endHours":22.77457866624802,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:46","end":"00:28","startHours":22.77457866624802,"endHours":24.46489838895382,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:28","end":"02:09","startHours":24.46489838895382,"endHours":26.15521811165963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:09","end":"03:51","startHours":26.15521811165963,"endHours":27.84553783436543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:51","end":"05:32","startHours":27.84553783436543,"endHours":29.535857557071235,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:32","end":"07:14","startHours":29.535857557071235,"endHours":31.22617727977704,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.2261772797770405,"endHours":8.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.22617727977704,"endHours":9.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.22617727977704,"endHours":10.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.22617727977704,"endHours":11.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.22617727977704,"endHours":12.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.22617727977704,"endHours":13.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.22617727977704,"endHours":14.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.22617727977704,"endHours":15.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.22617727977704,"endHours":16.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.22617727977704,"endHours":17.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.22617727977704,"endHours":18.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.22617727977704,"endHours":19.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.22617727977704,"endHours":20.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.22617727977704,"endHours":21.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.22617727977704,"endHours":22.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.22617727977704,"endHours":23.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.22617727977704,"endHours":24.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.22617727977704,"endHours":25.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.22617727977704,"endHours":26.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.22617727977704,"endHours":27.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.22617727977704,"endHours":28.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.22617727977704,"endHours":29.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.22617727977704,"endHours":30.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":30.22617727977704,"endHours":31.22617727977704,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.43898586666184,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":22.5685}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1965,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1830,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1315,"malayalam_era":1084,"nanakshahi_year":439,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 1965 Durmati · Śaka 1830 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 1908 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 1908 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:14, sūryāsta 17:42.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-26T04:08:57.360Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-26T04:08:57.360Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-26T04:08:57.360Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}