{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1908-01-19:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-19","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1908-01-19","date_display":"January 19, 1908 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":1,"day":19,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2417959.770833,"kali_year":5009,"ahargana":1829494.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.1481,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6262,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.4781,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4781},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.6262,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.2928},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":16.7743},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1908,"month":1,"day":19,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2417959.770833,"ahargana":1829494.2708,"kali_year":5009,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5685,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.01141299999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":100.072813,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.3172},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":344.227613,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":279.310213,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":108.55591300000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":306.81941299999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":331.870713,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":84.5894,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":264.5894,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":1,"day":19,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2417959.770833,"kali_year":5009,"ahargana":1829494.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.1481,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6262,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.4781,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4781},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.6262,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.2928},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":16.7743},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.317,"elongation":173.522},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.317,"opposition_distance":6.478}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.366,"elongation":0.969}]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:14","sunsetLocal":"17:41","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":10.459329803249757,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 27 Mins 34 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 32 Mins 26 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:57","moonsetLocal":"07:38","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:23","end":"17:41","startHours":16.382109575115663,"endHours":17.689525800521885,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:28","end":"13:46","startHours":12.459860898897006,"endHours":13.767277124303227,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:04","end":"16:23","startHours":15.074693349709445,"endHours":16.382109575115663,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:40","end":"10:01","startHours":9.670706284697072,"endHours":10.019350611472063,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:40","end":"07:57","startHours":7.666001405740868,"endHours":7.944916867160861,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:49","startHours":12.111216572122014,"endHours":12.808505225671997,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:50","end":"06:32","startHours":5.8356186901721605,"endHours":6.532907343722144,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:22","end":"07:14","startHours":6.358585180334648,"endHours":7.230195997272128,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:12","end":"14:54","startHours":14.203082532771965,"endHours":14.90037118632195,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:29","end":"17:53","startHours":17.489525800521886,"endHours":17.889525800521884,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:41","end":"18:08","startHours":17.689525800521885,"endHours":18.125331208990623,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:26","end":"19:11","startHours":17.439525800521885,"endHours":19.189525800521885,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:49","startHours":24.111216572122014,"endHours":24.808505225671997,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:14","end":"08:32","startHours":7.230195997272128,"endHours":8.537612222678348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:32","end":"09:51","startHours":8.537612222678348,"endHours":9.845028448084568,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:51","end":"11:09","startHours":9.845028448084568,"endHours":11.152444673490788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:09","end":"12:28","startHours":11.152444673490788,"endHours":12.459860898897006,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:28","end":"13:46","startHours":12.459860898897006,"endHours":13.767277124303227,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:46","end":"15:04","startHours":13.767277124303227,"endHours":15.074693349709445,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:04","end":"16:23","startHours":15.074693349709445,"endHours":16.382109575115663,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:23","end":"17:41","startHours":16.382109575115663,"endHours":17.689525800521885,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:41","end":"19:23","startHours":17.689525800521885,"endHours":19.382109575115667,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:23","end":"21:04","startHours":19.382109575115667,"endHours":21.074693349709445,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:04","end":"22:46","startHours":21.074693349709445,"endHours":22.767277124303227,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:46","end":"00:28","startHours":22.767277124303227,"endHours":24.459860898897006,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:28","end":"02:09","startHours":24.459860898897006,"endHours":26.152444673490788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:09","end":"03:51","startHours":26.152444673490788,"endHours":27.84502844808457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:51","end":"05:32","startHours":27.84502844808457,"endHours":29.537612222678348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:32","end":"07:14","startHours":29.537612222678348,"endHours":31.230195997272126,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.230195997272128,"endHours":8.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.230195997272128,"endHours":9.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.230195997272128,"endHours":10.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.230195997272128,"endHours":11.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.230195997272128,"endHours":12.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.230195997272128,"endHours":13.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.230195997272128,"endHours":14.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.230195997272128,"endHours":15.230195997272128,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.230195997272128,"endHours":16.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.230195997272126,"endHours":17.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.230195997272126,"endHours":18.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.230195997272126,"endHours":19.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.230195997272126,"endHours":20.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.230195997272126,"endHours":21.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.230195997272126,"endHours":22.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.230195997272126,"endHours":23.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.230195997272126,"endHours":24.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.230195997272126,"endHours":25.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.230195997272126,"endHours":26.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.230195997272126,"endHours":27.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.230195997272126,"endHours":28.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.230195997272126,"endHours":29.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.230195997272126,"endHours":30.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":30.230195997272126,"endHours":31.230195997272126,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.642538128022963,"eotMinutes":-10.662053933820344,"ayanamsa":22.5685}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1965,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1830,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1315,"malayalam_era":1084,"nanakshahi_year":439,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 1965 Durmati · Śaka 1830 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 19, 1908 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 19, 1908 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 07:14, sūryāsta 17:41.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-19","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-19","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-19","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-19","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1908-01-19"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-26T07:02:27.986Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-26T07:02:27.986Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-26T07:02:27.986Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}