{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1901-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1901-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1901-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 1901 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1901,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2415749.770833,"kali_year":5003,"ahargana":1827284.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.1947,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":145.9534,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":249.7587,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.7587},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":145.9534,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.6201},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":42.1481},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1901,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2415749.770833,"ahargana":1827284.2708,"kali_year":5003,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.484,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.200151,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":147.716751,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.7177},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":277.344751,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":256.298551,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":270.16735100000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":301.73075100000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":266.330551,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":201.6858,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":21.6858,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1901,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2415749.770833,"kali_year":5003,"ahargana":1827284.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.1947,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":145.9534,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":249.7587,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.7587},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":145.9534,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.6201},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":42.1481},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.718,"elongation":110.241},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.718,"opposition_distance":69.759}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:13","sunsetLocal":"17:27","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":10.231193656990738,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 13 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 46 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:55","moonsetLocal":"11:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:54","end":"16:10","startHours":14.894228996311107,"endHours":16.17312820343495,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:47","end":"11:03","startHours":9.778632167815738,"endHours":11.057531374939579,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:20","end":"13:37","startHours":12.336430582063421,"endHours":13.615329789187264,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:36","end":"09:57","startHours":9.608112273532559,"endHours":9.949152062098918,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:39","end":"07:55","startHours":7.647133489276,"endHours":7.919965320129087,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:41","startHours":11.995390793497064,"endHours":12.677470370629779,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:51","end":"06:32","startHours":5.856674599302622,"endHours":6.538754176435337,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:22","end":"07:13","startHours":6.368234282152159,"endHours":7.220833753568053,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:43","startHours":14.041629524895212,"endHours":14.723709102027929,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:15","end":"17:39","startHours":17.252027410558792,"endHours":17.65202741055879,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:27","end":"17:53","startHours":17.45202741055879,"endHours":17.878327146266738,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:12","end":"18:57","startHours":17.20202741055879,"endHours":18.95202741055879,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:41","startHours":23.995390793497062,"endHours":24.67747037062978,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:13","end":"08:30","startHours":7.220833753568053,"endHours":8.499732960691896,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:30","end":"09:47","startHours":8.499732960691896,"endHours":9.778632167815738,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:47","end":"11:03","startHours":9.778632167815738,"endHours":11.057531374939579,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:03","end":"12:20","startHours":11.057531374939579,"endHours":12.336430582063421,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:20","end":"13:37","startHours":12.336430582063421,"endHours":13.615329789187264,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:37","end":"14:54","startHours":13.615329789187264,"endHours":14.894228996311107,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:54","end":"16:10","startHours":14.894228996311107,"endHours":16.17312820343495,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:10","end":"17:27","startHours":16.17312820343495,"endHours":17.45202741055879,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:27","end":"19:10","startHours":17.45202741055879,"endHours":19.17312820343495,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:10","end":"20:54","startHours":19.17312820343495,"endHours":20.894228996311107,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:54","end":"22:37","startHours":20.894228996311107,"endHours":22.615329789187264,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:37","end":"00:20","startHours":22.615329789187264,"endHours":24.33643058206342,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:20","end":"02:03","startHours":24.33643058206342,"endHours":26.05753137493958,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:03","end":"03:47","startHours":26.05753137493958,"endHours":27.778632167815736,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:47","end":"05:30","startHours":27.778632167815736,"endHours":29.499732960691894,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:30","end":"07:13","startHours":29.499732960691894,"endHours":31.22083375356805,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.220833753568053,"endHours":8.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.220833753568053,"endHours":9.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.220833753568053,"endHours":10.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.220833753568053,"endHours":11.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.220833753568053,"endHours":12.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.220833753568053,"endHours":13.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.220833753568053,"endHours":14.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.220833753568053,"endHours":15.220833753568053,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.220833753568053,"endHours":16.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.22083375356805,"endHours":17.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.22083375356805,"endHours":18.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.22083375356805,"endHours":19.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.22083375356805,"endHours":20.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.22083375356805,"endHours":21.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.22083375356805,"endHours":22.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.22083375356805,"endHours":23.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.22083375356805,"endHours":24.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.22083375356805,"endHours":25.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.22083375356805,"endHours":26.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.22083375356805,"endHours":27.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.22083375356805,"endHours":28.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.22083375356805,"endHours":29.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.22083375356805,"endHours":30.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":30.22083375356805,"endHours":31.22083375356805,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.152060734707035,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":22.484}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1958,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1823,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1308,"malayalam_era":1077,"nanakshahi_year":432,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 1958 Ānanda · Śaka 1823 Plava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 1901 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 1901 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 07:13, sūryāsta 17:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1901-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1901-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1901-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1901-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1901-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T16:21:57.790Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T16:21:57.790Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T16:21:57.790Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}