{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1879-09-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-09-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1879-09-16","date_display":"September 16, 1879 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1879,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407608.770833,"kali_year":4981,"ahargana":1819143.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":150.1683,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":146.3556,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":356.1872,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.1872},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":146.3556,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.0223},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.5239},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1879,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407608.770833,"ahargana":1819143.2708,"kali_year":4981,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.1726,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":150.60899700000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":147.89049699999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6076},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":35.36499700000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":136.45009700000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":314.924397,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":164.76379700000007,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":352.689297,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":273.0352,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":93.0352,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1879,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407608.770833,"kali_year":4981,"ahargana":1819143.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":150.1683,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":146.3556,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":356.1872,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.1872},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":146.3556,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.0223},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.5239},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.608,"elongation":3.813},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.608,"opposition_distance":176.187}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:01","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:11","dayLengthHours":12.350114376940006,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 21 Mins 00 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 39 Mins 00 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:48","moonsetLocal":"18:12","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:16","end":"16:49","startHours":15.271883410389524,"endHours":16.815647707507022,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:06","end":"10:38","startHours":9.096826221919521,"endHours":10.640590519037021,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:11","end":"13:44","startHours":12.18435481615452,"endHours":13.728119113272022,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:18","startHours":8.890990982303853,"endHours":9.302661461535187,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:31","end":"06:51","startHours":6.523885726723686,"endHours":6.853222110108753,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:36","startHours":11.772684336923188,"endHours":12.596025295385854,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:22","end":"05:11","startHours":4.362615710759185,"endHours":5.185956669221851,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:59","end":"06:01","startHours":4.980121429606185,"endHours":6.009297627684519,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:15","end":"15:04","startHours":14.242707212311188,"endHours":15.066048170773856,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.159412004624524,"endHours":18.559412004624523,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:52","startHours":18.359412004624524,"endHours":18.87400010366369,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.109412004624524,"endHours":19.859412004624524,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:36","startHours":23.772684336923188,"endHours":24.596025295385854,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:01","end":"07:33","startHours":6.009297627684519,"endHours":7.553061924802019,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:33","end":"09:06","startHours":7.553061924802019,"endHours":9.096826221919521,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:06","end":"10:38","startHours":9.096826221919521,"endHours":10.640590519037021,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:38","end":"12:11","startHours":10.640590519037021,"endHours":12.18435481615452,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:11","end":"13:44","startHours":12.18435481615452,"endHours":13.728119113272022,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:44","end":"15:16","startHours":13.728119113272022,"endHours":15.271883410389524,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:16","end":"16:49","startHours":15.271883410389524,"endHours":16.815647707507022,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:49","end":"18:22","startHours":16.815647707507022,"endHours":18.359412004624524,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:22","end":"19:49","startHours":18.359412004624524,"endHours":19.815647707507022,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:49","end":"21:16","startHours":19.815647707507022,"endHours":21.27188341038952,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:16","end":"22:44","startHours":21.27188341038952,"endHours":22.728119113272022,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:44","end":"00:11","startHours":22.728119113272022,"endHours":24.18435481615452,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:11","end":"01:38","startHours":24.18435481615452,"endHours":25.64059051903702,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:38","end":"03:06","startHours":25.64059051903702,"endHours":27.09682622191952,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:06","end":"04:33","startHours":27.09682622191952,"endHours":28.55306192480202,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:33","end":"06:01","startHours":28.55306192480202,"endHours":30.009297627684518,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":6.009297627684519,"endHours":7.009297627684519,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.009297627684519,"endHours":8.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.009297627684518,"endHours":9.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.009297627684518,"endHours":10.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.009297627684518,"endHours":11.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.009297627684518,"endHours":12.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.009297627684518,"endHours":13.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.009297627684518,"endHours":14.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.009297627684518,"endHours":15.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.009297627684518,"endHours":16.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.009297627684518,"endHours":17.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.009297627684518,"endHours":18.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.009297627684518,"endHours":19.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.009297627684518,"endHours":20.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.009297627684518,"endHours":21.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.009297627684518,"endHours":22.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.009297627684518,"endHours":23.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.009297627684518,"endHours":24.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.009297627684518,"endHours":25.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.009297627684518,"endHours":26.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.009297627684518,"endHours":27.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.009297627684518,"endHours":28.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.009297627684518,"endHours":29.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.009297627684518,"endHours":30.009297627684518,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":2.864597662534518,"eotMinutes":5.868311030728706,"ayanamsa":22.1726}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1936,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nandana","saka_samvat":1801,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramāthi","bengali_samvat":1286,"malayalam_era":1055,"nanakshahi_year":410,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 1936 Nandana · Śaka 1801 Pramāthi"},"festivals":[{"id":"mahalaya-amavasya","name":"Mahālaya Amāvasyā (Sarvapitṛ Amāvasyā)","name_sanskrit":"महालय अमावस्या","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Pitṛ-deva","significance":"Final day of Pitṛ-Pakṣa; tarpaṇa for all ancestors.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":1},{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 16, 1879 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 16, 1879 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:01, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-09-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-09-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-09-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-09-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-09-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:05:00.926Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:05:00.926Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T11:05:00.926Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}