{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1879-05-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-05-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1879-05-21","date_display":"May 21, 1879 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1879,"month":5,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407490.770833,"kali_year":4981,"ahargana":1819025.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":37.6388,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":35.737,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.0983,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0983},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":35.737,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0704},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":73.3758},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1879,"month":5,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407490.770833,"ahargana":1819025.2708,"kali_year":4981,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.1681,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":37.418705999999986,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":35.27670599999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.0281},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":325.91320599999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":14.078506000000004,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":319.21670600000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":77.67470600000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":350.928006,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":279.2874,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":99.2874,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1879,"month":5,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407490.770833,"kali_year":4981,"ahargana":1819025.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":37.6388,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":35.737,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.0983,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0983},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":35.737,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0704},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":73.3758},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.028,"elongation":1.902},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.028,"opposition_distance":178.098}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:20","sunsetLocal":"19:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:13","dayLengthHours":13.768616928845516,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 46 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 13 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:14","moonsetLocal":"18:55","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:13","end":"13:57","startHours":12.223169703625366,"endHours":13.944246819731056,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:04","end":"08:47","startHours":7.059938355308299,"endHours":8.781015471413989,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:30","end":"12:13","startHours":10.502092587519677,"endHours":12.223169703625366,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:33","end":"09:01","startHours":8.551538522599897,"endHours":9.01049242022808,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:55","end":"06:17","startHours":5.912553611237839,"endHours":6.279716729340386,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:41","startHours":11.764215805997182,"endHours":12.68212360125355,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:30","end":"04:25","startHours":3.503045648689874,"endHours":4.4209534439462415,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:11","end":"05:20","startHours":4.19147649513215,"endHours":5.338861239202609,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:31","end":"15:26","startHours":14.517939191766287,"endHours":15.435846987022654,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:54","end":"19:18","startHours":18.907478168048126,"endHours":19.307478168048124,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:06","end":"19:41","startHours":19.107478168048125,"endHours":19.681170540083354,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:51","end":"20:36","startHours":18.857478168048125,"endHours":20.607478168048125,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:41","startHours":23.764215805997182,"endHours":24.68212360125355,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:20","end":"07:04","startHours":5.338861239202609,"endHours":7.059938355308299,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:04","end":"08:47","startHours":7.059938355308299,"endHours":8.781015471413989,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:47","end":"10:30","startHours":8.781015471413989,"endHours":10.502092587519677,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:30","end":"12:13","startHours":10.502092587519677,"endHours":12.223169703625366,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:13","end":"13:57","startHours":12.223169703625366,"endHours":13.944246819731056,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:57","end":"15:40","startHours":13.944246819731056,"endHours":15.665323935836746,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:40","end":"17:23","startHours":15.665323935836746,"endHours":17.386401051942435,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:23","end":"19:06","startHours":17.386401051942435,"endHours":19.107478168048125,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:06","end":"20:23","startHours":19.107478168048125,"endHours":20.386401051942435,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:23","end":"21:40","startHours":20.386401051942435,"endHours":21.665323935836746,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:40","end":"22:57","startHours":21.665323935836746,"endHours":22.944246819731056,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:57","end":"00:13","startHours":22.944246819731056,"endHours":24.223169703625366,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:13","end":"01:30","startHours":24.223169703625366,"endHours":25.502092587519677,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:30","end":"02:47","startHours":25.502092587519677,"endHours":26.781015471413987,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:47","end":"04:04","startHours":26.781015471413987,"endHours":28.059938355308297,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:04","end":"05:20","startHours":28.059938355308297,"endHours":29.338861239202608,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":5.338861239202609,"endHours":6.338861239202609,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":6.338861239202609,"endHours":7.338861239202609,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.338861239202609,"endHours":8.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.33886123920261,"endHours":9.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.33886123920261,"endHours":10.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.33886123920261,"endHours":11.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.33886123920261,"endHours":12.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.33886123920261,"endHours":13.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.33886123920261,"endHours":14.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.33886123920261,"endHours":15.33886123920261,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.33886123920261,"endHours":16.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.338861239202608,"endHours":17.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.338861239202608,"endHours":18.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.338861239202608,"endHours":19.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.338861239202608,"endHours":20.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.338861239202608,"endHours":21.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.338861239202608,"endHours":22.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.338861239202608,"endHours":23.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.338861239202608,"endHours":24.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.338861239202608,"endHours":25.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.338861239202608,"endHours":26.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.338861239202608,"endHours":27.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.338861239202608,"endHours":28.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.338861239202608,"endHours":29.338861239202608,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":20.059959049061945,"eotMinutes":3.539417782478063,"ayanamsa":22.1681}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1936,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nandana","saka_samvat":1801,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramāthi","bengali_samvat":1286,"malayalam_era":1055,"nanakshahi_year":410,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 1936 Nandana · Śaka 1801 Pramāthi"},"festivals":[{"id":"vat-savitri-amavasya","name":"Vaṭa Sāvitrī Amāvasyā","name_sanskrit":"वट सावित्री अमावस्या","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sāvitrī Devī","significance":"Sāvitrī's redemption of Satyavān from Yama; pati-vrata observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Mahābhārata, Vana Parva — Sāvitrī Upākhyāna"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 21, 1879 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 21, 1879 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:20, sūryāsta 19:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-05-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-05-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-05-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-05-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1879-05-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T21:06:54.882Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T21:06:54.882Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T21:06:54.882Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}