{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1878-09-08:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1878-09-08","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1878-09-08","date_display":"September 8, 1878 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1878,"month":9,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407235.770833,"kali_year":4980,"ahargana":1818770.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":142.6479,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":281.1049,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":138.457,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.457},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":281.1049,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.1049},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":63.7528},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1878,"month":9,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407235.770833,"ahargana":1818770.2708,"kali_year":4980,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.1583,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":143.06874900000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.94094900000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.9112},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":148.219649,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":149.43314900000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":276.9758489999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":122.360749,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":339.497949,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":292.7985,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":112.7985,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1878,"month":9,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2407235.770833,"kali_year":4980,"ahargana":1818770.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":142.6479,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":281.1049,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":138.457,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.457},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":281.1049,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.1049},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":63.7528},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.911,"elongation":138.457},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.911,"opposition_distance":41.543}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:57","sunsetLocal":"18:31","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":12.580791232332814,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 34 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 25 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:17","moonsetLocal":"02:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:57","end":"18:31","startHours":16.95131730179699,"endHours":18.523916205838592,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:14","end":"13:48","startHours":12.233520589672185,"endHours":13.806119493713787,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:23","end":"16:57","startHours":15.378718397755389,"endHours":16.95131730179699,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:18","startHours":8.878642927716768,"endHours":9.298002635461195,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:48","startHours":6.4673246081863125,"endHours":6.802812374381855,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:39","startHours":11.814160881927759,"endHours":12.652880297416612,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:16","end":"05:06","startHours":4.26568614252807,"endHours":5.104405558016924,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:54","end":"05:57","startHours":4.89472570414471,"endHours":5.943124973505778,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:20","end":"15:10","startHours":14.330319128394322,"endHours":15.169038543883177,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:19","end":"18:43","startHours":18.323916205838593,"endHours":18.72391620583859,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:31","end":"19:03","startHours":18.523916205838592,"endHours":19.048115840519127,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:16","end":"20:01","startHours":18.273916205838592,"endHours":20.023916205838592,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:39","startHours":23.81416088192776,"endHours":24.652880297416612,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:57","end":"07:31","startHours":5.943124973505778,"endHours":7.51572387754738,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:31","end":"09:05","startHours":7.51572387754738,"endHours":9.088322781588982,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:05","end":"10:40","startHours":9.088322781588982,"endHours":10.660921685630584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:40","end":"12:14","startHours":10.660921685630584,"endHours":12.233520589672185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:48","startHours":12.233520589672185,"endHours":13.806119493713787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:48","end":"15:23","startHours":13.806119493713787,"endHours":15.378718397755389,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:23","end":"16:57","startHours":15.378718397755389,"endHours":16.95131730179699,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:57","end":"18:31","startHours":16.95131730179699,"endHours":18.523916205838592,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:31","end":"19:57","startHours":18.523916205838592,"endHours":19.95131730179699,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:57","end":"21:23","startHours":19.95131730179699,"endHours":21.37871839775539,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:23","end":"22:48","startHours":21.37871839775539,"endHours":22.806119493713787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:48","end":"00:14","startHours":22.806119493713787,"endHours":24.233520589672185,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:14","end":"01:40","startHours":24.233520589672185,"endHours":25.660921685630584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:40","end":"03:05","startHours":25.660921685630584,"endHours":27.08832278158898,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:05","end":"04:31","startHours":27.08832278158898,"endHours":28.51572387754738,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:31","end":"05:57","startHours":28.51572387754738,"endHours":29.94312497350578,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":5.943124973505778,"endHours":6.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.943124973505778,"endHours":7.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.943124973505778,"endHours":8.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.943124973505778,"endHours":9.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.943124973505778,"endHours":10.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.943124973505778,"endHours":11.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.943124973505778,"endHours":12.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.943124973505778,"endHours":13.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.943124973505778,"endHours":14.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.943124973505778,"endHours":15.943124973505778,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.943124973505778,"endHours":16.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.94312497350578,"endHours":17.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.94312497350578,"endHours":18.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.94312497350578,"endHours":19.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.94312497350578,"endHours":20.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.94312497350578,"endHours":21.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.94312497350578,"endHours":22.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.94312497350578,"endHours":23.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.94312497350578,"endHours":24.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.94312497350578,"endHours":25.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.94312497350578,"endHours":26.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.94312497350578,"endHours":27.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.94312497350578,"endHours":28.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.94312497350578,"endHours":29.94312497350578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":5.8208034818989045,"eotMinutes":2.918364619668906,"ayanamsa":22.1583}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1935,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1800,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1285,"malayalam_era":1054,"nanakshahi_year":409,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 1935 Khara · Śaka 1800 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"vamana-jayanti","name":"Vāmana Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"वामन जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Vāmana (5th daśāvatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":15,"significance":"Vāmana's three-step measure of all worlds; Bali's surrender. (= Onam in Kerala.)","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":12,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.18-22"]},{"id":"onam","name":"Onam (Vāmana / King Bali)","name_sanskrit":"ओणम् (वामन-बलि स्मरण)","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Vāmana + King Bali","significance":"Kerala festival; King Bali's annual return to Kerala. Aligned with Thiru-Onam (Śravaṇa nakshatra in Bhādrapada).","vrata":false,"detection":{"nakshatra_name":"Śravaṇa","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 8, 1878 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 8, 1878 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:57, sūryāsta 18:31.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1878-09-08","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1878-09-08","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1878-09-08","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1878-09-08","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1878-09-08"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T04:43:05.505Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T04:43:05.505Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T04:43:05.505Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}