{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:1875-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1875-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1875-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1875 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1875,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2406100.770833,"kali_year":4977,"ahargana":1817635.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":105.0341,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":86.6409,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":341.6068,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6068},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":86.6409,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.6409},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":191.6751},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1875,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2406100.770833,"ahargana":1817635.2708,"kali_year":4977,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.1149,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":105.27351399999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":84.87431400000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4906},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":241.19151399999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":87.77921400000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":183.59021400000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":92.34291400000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":302.934714,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":352.9363,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":172.9363,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1875,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2406100.770833,"kali_year":4977,"ahargana":1817635.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":105.0341,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":86.6409,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":341.6068,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.6068},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":86.6409,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.6409},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":191.6751},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.491,"elongation":18.393},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.491,"opposition_distance":161.607}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:34","sunsetLocal":"19:12","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":13.621694942316864,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 37 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 22 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:03","moonsetLocal":"18:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:59","end":"10:41","startHours":8.977925839626632,"endHours":10.680637707416242,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:05","end":"15:47","startHours":14.086061442995458,"endHours":15.788773310785064,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:34","end":"07:17","startHours":5.572502104047417,"endHours":7.275213971837025,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:45","end":"09:12","startHours":8.750897590588018,"endHours":9.204954088665247,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:08","end":"06:30","startHours":6.140072726643953,"endHours":6.503317925105736,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:56","end":"12:50","startHours":11.92929307712862,"endHours":12.837406073283077,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:45","end":"04:40","startHours":3.7562761117385017,"endHours":4.664389107892959,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:26","end":"05:34","startHours":4.437360858854345,"endHours":5.572502104047417,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:39","end":"15:34","startHours":14.653632065591992,"endHours":15.56174506174645,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:00","end":"19:24","startHours":18.99419704636428,"endHours":19.39419704636428,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:12","end":"19:46","startHours":19.19419704636428,"endHours":19.761767668960815,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:57","end":"20:42","startHours":18.94419704636428,"endHours":20.69419704636428,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:56","end":"00:50","startHours":23.92929307712862,"endHours":24.837406073283077,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:34","end":"07:17","startHours":5.572502104047417,"endHours":7.275213971837025,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:17","end":"08:59","startHours":7.275213971837025,"endHours":8.977925839626632,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:59","end":"10:41","startHours":8.977925839626632,"endHours":10.680637707416242,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:41","end":"12:23","startHours":10.680637707416242,"endHours":12.383349575205848,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:23","end":"14:05","startHours":12.383349575205848,"endHours":14.086061442995458,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:05","end":"15:47","startHours":14.086061442995458,"endHours":15.788773310785064,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:47","end":"17:29","startHours":15.788773310785064,"endHours":17.491485178574674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:12","startHours":17.491485178574674,"endHours":19.19419704636428,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:12","end":"20:29","startHours":19.19419704636428,"endHours":20.49148517857467,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:29","end":"21:47","startHours":20.49148517857467,"endHours":21.788773310785064,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:47","end":"23:05","startHours":21.788773310785064,"endHours":23.086061442995458,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:05","end":"00:23","startHours":23.086061442995458,"endHours":24.38334957520585,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:23","end":"01:41","startHours":24.38334957520585,"endHours":25.68063770741624,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:41","end":"02:59","startHours":25.68063770741624,"endHours":26.977925839626632,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:59","end":"04:17","startHours":26.977925839626632,"endHours":28.275213971837026,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:17","end":"05:34","startHours":28.275213971837026,"endHours":29.572502104047416,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:34","end":"06:34","startHours":5.572502104047417,"endHours":6.572502104047417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:34","end":"07:34","startHours":6.572502104047417,"endHours":7.572502104047417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:34","end":"08:34","startHours":7.572502104047417,"endHours":8.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:34","end":"09:34","startHours":8.572502104047416,"endHours":9.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:34","end":"10:34","startHours":9.572502104047416,"endHours":10.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:34","end":"11:34","startHours":10.572502104047416,"endHours":11.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:34","end":"12:34","startHours":11.572502104047416,"endHours":12.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:34","end":"13:34","startHours":12.572502104047416,"endHours":13.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:34","end":"14:34","startHours":13.572502104047416,"endHours":14.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:34","end":"15:34","startHours":14.572502104047416,"endHours":15.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:34","end":"16:34","startHours":15.572502104047416,"endHours":16.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:34","end":"17:34","startHours":16.572502104047416,"endHours":17.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:34","end":"18:34","startHours":17.572502104047416,"endHours":18.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:34","end":"19:34","startHours":18.572502104047416,"endHours":19.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:34","end":"20:34","startHours":19.572502104047416,"endHours":20.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:34","end":"21:34","startHours":20.572502104047416,"endHours":21.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:34","end":"22:34","startHours":21.572502104047416,"endHours":22.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:34","end":"23:34","startHours":22.572502104047416,"endHours":23.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:34","end":"00:34","startHours":23.572502104047416,"endHours":24.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:34","end":"01:34","startHours":24.572502104047416,"endHours":25.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:34","end":"02:34","startHours":25.572502104047416,"endHours":26.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:34","end":"03:34","startHours":26.572502104047416,"endHours":27.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:34","end":"04:34","startHours":27.572502104047416,"endHours":28.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:34","end":"05:34","startHours":28.572502104047416,"endHours":29.572502104047416,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.421998144378005,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":22.1149}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1932,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sarvadhāri","saka_samvat":1797,"saka_samvatsara":"Yuva","bengali_samvat":1282,"malayalam_era":1051,"nanakshahi_year":406,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 1932 Sarvadhāri · Śaka 1797 Yuva"},"festivals":[{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1875 CE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1875 CE for Ṛṣikeśa: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 05:34, sūryāsta 19:12.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1875-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1875-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1875-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1875-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/1875-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-29T18:12:45.524Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-29T18:12:45.524Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-29T18:12:45.524Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}