{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rishikesh:-3101-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/-3101-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-3101-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 3102 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3101,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":588475.770833,"kali_year":1,"ahargana":10.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.2662,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":130.8924,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":118.6262,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.6262},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":130.8924,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8924},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":143.1587},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-3101,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":588475.770833,"ahargana":10.2708,"kali_year":1,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-47.4024,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.2662,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":130.8924,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.3721},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":13.1842,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":17.08,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":3.9695,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":13.8067,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":354.1111,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":179.4558,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":359.4558,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3101,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":588475.770833,"kali_year":1,"ahargana":10.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.2662,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":130.8924,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":118.6262,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.6262},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":130.8924,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8924},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":143.1587},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.372,"elongation":118.626},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.372,"opposition_distance":61.374}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":5,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.238,"opposition_distance":1.931}]},"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rishikesh","name":"Ṛṣikeśa","lat":30.0869,"lon":78.2676,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:57","sunsetLocal":"18:03","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":11.088916065725662,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:24","moonsetLocal":"03:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:21","end":"09:44","startHours":8.344200789120002,"endHours":9.730315297335709,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:07","end":"12:30","startHours":11.116429805551416,"endHours":12.502544313767125,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:53","end":"15:16","startHours":13.888658821982833,"endHours":15.27477333019854,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:33","end":"09:55","startHours":9.545500029573613,"endHours":9.915130565097803,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:25","end":"07:43","startHours":7.42012445030953,"endHours":7.715828878728881,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:08","end":"12:52","startHours":12.132913778242935,"endHours":12.872174849291314,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:29","end":"06:13","startHours":5.479564138807539,"endHours":6.218825209855916,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:02","end":"06:57","startHours":6.034009942093822,"endHours":6.958086280904293,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:05","startHours":14.350696991388068,"endHours":15.089958062436445,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:51","end":"18:15","startHours":17.847002346629957,"endHours":18.247002346629955,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:03","end":"18:31","startHours":18.047002346629956,"endHours":18.509040516035192,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:48","end":"19:33","startHours":17.797002346629956,"endHours":19.547002346629956,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:08","end":"00:52","startHours":24.132913778242937,"endHours":24.872174849291312,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:57","end":"08:21","startHours":6.958086280904293,"endHours":8.344200789120002,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:21","end":"09:44","startHours":8.344200789120002,"endHours":9.730315297335709,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:44","end":"11:07","startHours":9.730315297335709,"endHours":11.116429805551416,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:07","end":"12:30","startHours":11.116429805551416,"endHours":12.502544313767125,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:30","end":"13:53","startHours":12.502544313767125,"endHours":13.888658821982833,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:53","end":"15:16","startHours":13.888658821982833,"endHours":15.27477333019854,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:16","end":"16:40","startHours":15.27477333019854,"endHours":16.660887838414247,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:40","end":"18:03","startHours":16.660887838414247,"endHours":18.047002346629956,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:03","end":"19:40","startHours":18.047002346629956,"endHours":19.660887838414247,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:40","end":"21:16","startHours":19.660887838414247,"endHours":21.274773330198542,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:16","end":"22:53","startHours":21.274773330198542,"endHours":22.888658821982833,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:53","end":"00:30","startHours":22.888658821982833,"endHours":24.502544313767125,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:30","end":"02:07","startHours":24.502544313767125,"endHours":26.116429805551416,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:07","end":"03:44","startHours":26.116429805551416,"endHours":27.730315297335707,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:44","end":"05:21","startHours":27.730315297335707,"endHours":29.344200789120002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:21","end":"06:57","startHours":29.344200789120002,"endHours":30.958086280904293,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.958086280904293,"endHours":7.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.958086280904293,"endHours":8.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.958086280904293,"endHours":9.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.958086280904293,"endHours":10.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.958086280904293,"endHours":11.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.958086280904293,"endHours":12.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.958086280904293,"endHours":13.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.958086280904293,"endHours":14.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.958086280904293,"endHours":15.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.958086280904293,"endHours":16.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.958086280904293,"endHours":17.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.958086280904293,"endHours":18.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.958086280904293,"endHours":19.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.958086280904293,"endHours":20.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.958086280904293,"endHours":21.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.958086280904293,"endHours":22.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.958086280904293,"endHours":23.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.958086280904293,"endHours":24.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.958086280904293,"endHours":25.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.958086280904293,"endHours":26.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.958086280904293,"endHours":27.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.958086280904293,"endHours":28.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.958086280904293,"endHours":29.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":29.958086280904293,"endHours":30.958086280904293,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"undefined (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-13.232542592343286,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":-47.4024}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-3044,"saka_samvat":-3179,"bengali_samvat":-3694,"malayalam_era":-3925,"nanakshahi_year":-4570,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Daśamī · Vikram -3044 undefined · Śaka -3179 undefined"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"rishikesh"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 3102 BCE · Ṛṣikeśa · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 3102 BCE for Ṛṣikeśa: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:57, sūryāsta 18:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/-3101-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/-3101-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/-3101-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/-3101-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rishikesh/-3101-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:29:35.206Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:29:35.206Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T13:29:35.206Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}