{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rajkot:2031-09-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2031-09-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2031-09-01","date_display":"September 1, 2031 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463110.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874645.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.3817,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":309.9406,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":176.5589,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5589},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":309.9406,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2739},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":83.3224},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2031,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463110.770833,"ahargana":1874645.2708,"kali_year":5133,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2953,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.14271299999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":309.2182130000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4597},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":219.21791299999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":115.79551300000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":235.205013,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":105.15021300000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":57.51161300000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":212.2721,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":32.2721,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463110.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874645.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.3817,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":309.9406,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":176.5589,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5589},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":309.9406,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2739},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":83.3224},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.46,"elongation":176.559},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.46,"opposition_distance":3.441}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rajkot","name":"Rajkot, Gujarat","lat":22.3039,"lon":70.8022,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rajkot","name":"Rajkot, Gujarat","lat":22.3039,"lon":70.8022,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"19:04","solarNoonLocal":"12:46","dayLengthHours":12.584954053671034,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 35 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 24 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:41","moonsetLocal":"06:12","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:03","end":"09:38","startHours":8.052561933022142,"endHours":9.625681189731022,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:12","end":"12:46","startHours":11.1988004464399,"endHours":12.771919703148779,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:21","end":"15:55","startHours":14.345038959857659,"endHours":15.918158216566539,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:25","end":"09:50","startHours":9.41593195550317,"endHours":9.835430423958872,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:00","end":"07:20","startHours":7.00381576188289,"endHours":7.339414536647451,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:21","end":"13:11","startHours":12.352421234693077,"endHours":13.19141817160448,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:48","end":"05:38","startHours":4.801448802490459,"endHours":5.64044573940186,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:26","end":"06:29","startHours":5.43069650517401,"endHours":6.479442676313263,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:52","end":"15:43","startHours":14.869412045427286,"endHours":15.708408982338687,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:52","end":"19:16","startHours":18.864396729984296,"endHours":19.264396729984295,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:04","end":"19:35","startHours":19.064396729984296,"endHours":19.58876981555392,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:49","end":"20:34","startHours":18.814396729984296,"endHours":20.564396729984296,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:21","end":"01:11","startHours":24.35242123469308,"endHours":25.19141817160448,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:29","end":"08:03","startHours":6.479442676313263,"endHours":8.052561933022142,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:03","end":"09:38","startHours":8.052561933022142,"endHours":9.625681189731022,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:38","end":"11:12","startHours":9.625681189731022,"endHours":11.1988004464399,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:12","end":"12:46","startHours":11.1988004464399,"endHours":12.771919703148779,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:46","end":"14:21","startHours":12.771919703148779,"endHours":14.345038959857659,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:21","end":"15:55","startHours":14.345038959857659,"endHours":15.918158216566539,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:55","end":"17:29","startHours":15.918158216566539,"endHours":17.491277473275417,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:29","end":"19:04","startHours":17.491277473275417,"endHours":19.064396729984296,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:04","end":"20:29","startHours":19.064396729984296,"endHours":20.491277473275417,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:29","end":"21:55","startHours":20.491277473275417,"endHours":21.91815821656654,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:55","end":"23:21","startHours":21.91815821656654,"endHours":23.345038959857657,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:21","end":"00:46","startHours":23.345038959857657,"endHours":24.77191970314878,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:46","end":"02:12","startHours":24.77191970314878,"endHours":26.1988004464399,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:12","end":"03:38","startHours":26.1988004464399,"endHours":27.62568118973102,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:38","end":"05:03","startHours":27.62568118973102,"endHours":29.05256193302214,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:03","end":"06:29","startHours":29.05256193302214,"endHours":30.479442676313262,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.479442676313263,"endHours":7.479442676313263,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.479442676313263,"endHours":8.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.479442676313262,"endHours":9.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.479442676313262,"endHours":10.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.479442676313262,"endHours":11.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.479442676313262,"endHours":12.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.479442676313262,"endHours":13.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.479442676313262,"endHours":14.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.479442676313262,"endHours":15.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.479442676313262,"endHours":16.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.479442676313262,"endHours":17.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.479442676313262,"endHours":18.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.479442676313262,"endHours":19.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.479442676313262,"endHours":20.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.479442676313262,"endHours":21.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.479442676313262,"endHours":22.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.479442676313262,"endHours":23.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.479442676313262,"endHours":24.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.479442676313262,"endHours":25.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.479442676313262,"endHours":26.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.479442676313262,"endHours":27.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.479442676313262,"endHours":28.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.479442676313262,"endHours":29.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.479442676313262,"endHours":30.479442676313262,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.405020142334493,"eotMinutes":0.47601781107335894,"ayanamsa":24.2953}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2088,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1953,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1438,"malayalam_era":1207,"nanakshahi_year":562,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada (Adhika) Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":true,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":true,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":true,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada (Adhika) Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2088 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1953 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rajkot"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 1, 2031 CE · Rajkot, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 1, 2031 CE for Rajkot, Gujarat: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 19:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2031-09-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2031-09-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2031-09-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2031-09-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2031-09-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T18:04:54.360Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T18:04:54.360Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T18:04:54.360Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}