{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:rajkot:2028-09-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2028-09-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-09-01","date_display":"September 1, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462015.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873550.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.1299,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":280.8286,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":146.6988,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6988},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":280.8286,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8286},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":54.9585},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462015.770833,"ahargana":1873550.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2535,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.88635,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.5200500000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.8222},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":93.05335000000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":160.92215,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":157.25205000000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":89.96575000000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.95704999999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":270.2905,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":90.2905,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462015.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873550.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.1299,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":280.8286,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":146.6988,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6988},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":280.8286,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8286},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":54.9585},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.822,"elongation":146.699},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.822,"opposition_distance":33.301}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"rajkot","name":"Rajkot, Gujarat","lat":22.3039,"lon":70.8022,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"rajkot","name":"Rajkot, Gujarat","lat":22.3039,"lon":70.8022,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"19:03","solarNoonLocal":"12:46","dayLengthHours":12.570143711424672,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 34 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 25 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:06","moonsetLocal":"04:08","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:12","end":"12:46","startHours":11.200651739220694,"endHours":12.771919703148779,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:55","end":"17:29","startHours":15.914455631004946,"endHours":17.485723594933027,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:03","end":"09:38","startHours":8.058115811364527,"endHours":9.62938377529261,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:25","end":"09:50","startHours":9.419881380102199,"endHours":9.838886170483022,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:01","end":"07:21","startHours":7.01060383541247,"endHours":7.345807667717128,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:21","end":"13:11","startHours":12.352914912767956,"endHours":13.190924493529602,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:39","startHours":4.810828685913153,"endHours":5.648838266674797,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:26","end":"06:29","startHours":5.439335871484386,"endHours":6.486847847436442,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:52","end":"15:42","startHours":14.86694365505289,"endHours":15.704953235814534,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:51","end":"19:15","startHours":18.856991558861115,"endHours":19.256991558861113,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:03","end":"19:35","startHours":19.056991558861114,"endHours":19.58074754683714,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:48","end":"20:33","startHours":18.806991558861114,"endHours":20.556991558861114,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:21","end":"01:11","startHours":24.352914912767957,"endHours":25.1909244935296,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:29","end":"08:03","startHours":6.486847847436442,"endHours":8.058115811364527,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:03","end":"09:38","startHours":8.058115811364527,"endHours":9.62938377529261,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:38","end":"11:12","startHours":9.62938377529261,"endHours":11.200651739220694,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:12","end":"12:46","startHours":11.200651739220694,"endHours":12.771919703148779,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:46","end":"14:21","startHours":12.771919703148779,"endHours":14.343187667076862,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:21","end":"15:55","startHours":14.343187667076862,"endHours":15.914455631004946,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:55","end":"17:29","startHours":15.914455631004946,"endHours":17.485723594933027,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:29","end":"19:03","startHours":17.485723594933027,"endHours":19.056991558861114,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:03","end":"20:29","startHours":19.056991558861114,"endHours":20.48572359493303,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:29","end":"21:55","startHours":20.48572359493303,"endHours":21.914455631004945,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:55","end":"23:21","startHours":21.914455631004945,"endHours":23.34318766707686,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:21","end":"00:46","startHours":23.34318766707686,"endHours":24.77191970314878,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:46","end":"02:12","startHours":24.77191970314878,"endHours":26.200651739220696,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:12","end":"03:38","startHours":26.200651739220696,"endHours":27.62938377529261,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:38","end":"05:03","startHours":27.62938377529261,"endHours":29.058115811364527,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:03","end":"06:29","startHours":29.058115811364527,"endHours":30.486847847436444,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.486847847436442,"endHours":7.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.486847847436442,"endHours":8.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.486847847436442,"endHours":9.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.486847847436442,"endHours":10.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.486847847436442,"endHours":11.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.486847847436442,"endHours":12.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.486847847436442,"endHours":13.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.486847847436442,"endHours":14.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.486847847436442,"endHours":15.486847847436442,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.486847847436442,"endHours":16.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.486847847436444,"endHours":17.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.486847847436444,"endHours":18.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.486847847436444,"endHours":19.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.486847847436444,"endHours":20.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.486847847436444,"endHours":21.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.486847847436444,"endHours":22.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.486847847436444,"endHours":23.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.486847847436444,"endHours":24.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.486847847436444,"endHours":25.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.486847847436444,"endHours":26.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.486847847436444,"endHours":27.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.486847847436444,"endHours":28.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.486847847436444,"endHours":29.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.486847847436444,"endHours":30.486847847436444,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.142052174264114,"eotMinutes":0.47601781107335894,"ayanamsa":24.2535}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"onam","name":"Onam (Vāmana / King Bali)","name_sanskrit":"ओणम् (वामन-बलि स्मरण)","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Vāmana + King Bali","significance":"Kerala festival; King Bali's annual return to Kerala. Aligned with Thiru-Onam (Śravaṇa nakshatra in Bhādrapada).","vrata":false,"detection":{"nakshatra_name":"Śravaṇa","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Onam (Vāmana / King Bali) · Pradoṣa Vrata is not live yet; Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"rajkot"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 1, 2028 CE · Rajkot, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 1, 2028 CE for Rajkot, Gujarat: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 19:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2028-09-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2028-09-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2028-09-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2028-09-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/rajkot/2028-09-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T15:15:30.097Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T15:15:30.097Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T15:15:30.097Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}