{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:pushkar:1998-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pushkar/1998-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451025.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862560.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.2973,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":190.0641,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":86.7668,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7668},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":190.0641,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.3974},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":293.3613},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451025.770833,"ahargana":1862560.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8331,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.82364899999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":188.653949,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.7929},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":82.67944899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":124.54704900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":333.948349,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":79.96164899999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":9.537949000000026,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":132.5936,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":312.5936,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451025.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862560.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.2973,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":190.0641,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":86.7668,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7668},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":190.0641,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.3974},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":293.3613},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.793,"elongation":86.767},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.793,"opposition_distance":93.233}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"pushkar","name":"Puṣkar","lat":26.49,"lon":74.55,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Rajasthan","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"pushkar","name":"Puṣkar","lat":26.49,"lon":74.55,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Rajasthan","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:56","sunsetLocal":"19:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":13.401654081058645,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 24 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 35 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:40","moonsetLocal":"23:55","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:57","end":"12:38","startHours":10.955982815073517,"endHours":12.631189575205848,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:59","end":"17:39","startHours":15.981603095470508,"endHours":17.65680985560284,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:36","end":"09:17","startHours":7.605569294808856,"endHours":9.280776054941185,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:03","end":"09:30","startHours":9.05741515359021,"endHours":9.504136956292164,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:51","startHours":6.4887647880539685,"endHours":6.846142230215532,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:11","end":"13:05","startHours":12.184467772503893,"endHours":13.077911377907803,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:09","end":"05:02","startHours":4.143475323868706,"endHours":5.036918929272615,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:49","end":"05:56","startHours":4.813558027921638,"endHours":5.930362534676525,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:52","end":"15:45","startHours":14.864798588715622,"endHours":15.758242194119532,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:08","end":"19:32","startHours":19.13201661573517,"endHours":19.53201661573517,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:20","end":"19:53","startHours":19.33201661573517,"endHours":19.890418869112615,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:05","end":"20:50","startHours":19.08201661573517,"endHours":20.83201661573517,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:11","end":"01:05","startHours":24.184467772503893,"endHours":25.077911377907803,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:56","end":"07:36","startHours":5.930362534676525,"endHours":7.605569294808856,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:36","end":"09:17","startHours":7.605569294808856,"endHours":9.280776054941185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:17","end":"10:57","startHours":9.280776054941185,"endHours":10.955982815073517,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:57","end":"12:38","startHours":10.955982815073517,"endHours":12.631189575205848,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:38","end":"14:18","startHours":12.631189575205848,"endHours":14.306396335338178,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:18","end":"15:59","startHours":14.306396335338178,"endHours":15.981603095470508,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:59","end":"17:39","startHours":15.981603095470508,"endHours":17.65680985560284,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:39","end":"19:20","startHours":17.65680985560284,"endHours":19.33201661573517,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:20","end":"20:39","startHours":19.33201661573517,"endHours":20.65680985560284,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:39","end":"21:59","startHours":20.65680985560284,"endHours":21.98160309547051,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:59","end":"23:18","startHours":21.98160309547051,"endHours":23.306396335338178,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:18","end":"00:38","startHours":23.306396335338178,"endHours":24.63118957520585,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:38","end":"01:57","startHours":24.63118957520585,"endHours":25.95598281507352,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:57","end":"03:17","startHours":25.95598281507352,"endHours":27.280776054941185,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:17","end":"04:36","startHours":27.280776054941185,"endHours":28.605569294808856,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:36","end":"05:56","startHours":28.605569294808856,"endHours":29.930362534676526,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":5.930362534676525,"endHours":6.930362534676525,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.930362534676525,"endHours":7.930362534676525,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.930362534676525,"endHours":8.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.930362534676526,"endHours":9.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.930362534676526,"endHours":10.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.930362534676526,"endHours":11.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.930362534676526,"endHours":12.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.930362534676526,"endHours":13.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.930362534676526,"endHours":14.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.930362534676526,"endHours":15.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.930362534676526,"endHours":16.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.930362534676526,"endHours":17.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.930362534676526,"endHours":18.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.930362534676526,"endHours":19.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.930362534676526,"endHours":20.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.930362534676526,"endHours":21.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.930362534676526,"endHours":22.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.930362534676526,"endHours":23.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.930362534676526,"endHours":24.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.930362534676526,"endHours":25.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.930362534676526,"endHours":26.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.930362534676526,"endHours":27.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.930362534676526,"endHours":28.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":28.930362534676526,"endHours":29.930362534676526,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.353497013365008,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":23.8331}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"pushkar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1998 CE · Puṣkar · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1998 CE for Puṣkar: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:56, sūryāsta 19:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pushkar/1998-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pushkar/1998-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/pushkar/1998-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/pushkar/1998-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pushkar/1998-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T05:00:28.313Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T05:00:28.313Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T05:00:28.313Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}