{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:pune:2023-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/2023-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1743,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.16873899999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.92503899999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0082},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":44.586839,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":269.262739,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":337.034139,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.96583899999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":298.32683900000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":19.9691,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":199.9691,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"elongation":111.133},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"opposition_distance":68.867}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"pune","name":"Pune, Maharashtra","lat":18.5204,"lon":73.8567,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":560},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"pune","name":"Pune, Maharashtra","lat":18.5204,"lon":73.8567,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":560},"sunriseLocal":"07:07","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":11.036665089769388,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 02 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 57 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:53","moonsetLocal":"02:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:47","end":"18:09","startHours":16.776722380720123,"endHours":18.156305516941295,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:38","end":"14:01","startHours":12.637972972056602,"endHours":14.017556108277773,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:24","end":"16:47","startHours":15.397139244498948,"endHours":16.776722380720123,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:42","end":"10:04","startHours":9.694862281451432,"endHours":10.062751117777077,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:35","end":"07:52","startHours":7.579501472578965,"endHours":7.873812541639482,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:16","end":"13:00","startHours":12.270084135730956,"endHours":13.005861808382248,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:39","end":"06:23","startHours":5.648085081869322,"endHours":6.383862754520615,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:12","end":"07:07","startHours":6.199918336357792,"endHours":7.119640427171907,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:29","end":"15:13","startHours":14.477417153684833,"endHours":15.213194826336125,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.956305516941296,"endHours":18.356305516941294,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:37","startHours":18.156305516941295,"endHours":18.616166562348354,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.906305516941295,"endHours":19.656305516941295,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:16","end":"01:00","startHours":24.270084135730954,"endHours":25.00586180838225,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:07","end":"08:30","startHours":7.119640427171907,"endHours":8.49922356339308,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:30","end":"09:53","startHours":8.49922356339308,"endHours":9.878806699614254,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:53","end":"11:16","startHours":9.878806699614254,"endHours":11.258389835835427,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:16","end":"12:38","startHours":11.258389835835427,"endHours":12.637972972056602,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:38","end":"14:01","startHours":12.637972972056602,"endHours":14.017556108277773,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:01","end":"15:24","startHours":14.017556108277773,"endHours":15.397139244498948,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:24","end":"16:47","startHours":15.397139244498948,"endHours":16.776722380720123,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:47","end":"18:09","startHours":16.776722380720123,"endHours":18.156305516941295,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:09","end":"19:47","startHours":18.156305516941295,"endHours":19.77672238072012,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:47","end":"21:24","startHours":19.77672238072012,"endHours":21.39713924449895,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:24","end":"23:01","startHours":21.39713924449895,"endHours":23.017556108277773,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:01","end":"00:38","startHours":23.017556108277773,"endHours":24.637972972056602,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:38","end":"02:16","startHours":24.637972972056602,"endHours":26.258389835835427,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:16","end":"03:53","startHours":26.258389835835427,"endHours":27.878806699614252,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:53","end":"05:30","startHours":27.878806699614252,"endHours":29.49922356339308,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:30","end":"07:07","startHours":29.49922356339308,"endHours":31.11964042717191,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.119640427171907,"endHours":8.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.119640427171907,"endHours":9.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.119640427171907,"endHours":10.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.119640427171907,"endHours":11.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.119640427171907,"endHours":12.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.119640427171907,"endHours":13.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.119640427171907,"endHours":14.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.119640427171907,"endHours":15.119640427171907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.119640427171907,"endHours":16.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.11964042717191,"endHours":17.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.11964042717191,"endHours":18.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.11964042717191,"endHours":19.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.11964042717191,"endHours":20.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.11964042717191,"endHours":21.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.11964042717191,"endHours":22.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.11964042717191,"endHours":23.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.11964042717191,"endHours":24.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.11964042717191,"endHours":25.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.11964042717191,"endHours":26.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.11964042717191,"endHours":27.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.11964042717191,"endHours":28.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.11964042717191,"endHours":29.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.11964042717191,"endHours":30.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":30.11964042717191,"endHours":31.11964042717191,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.0335136949757,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1743}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"pune"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2023 CE · Pune, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2023 CE for Pune, Maharashtra: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 07:07, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/2023-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/2023-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/2023-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/2023-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/2023-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T03:05:02.212Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T03:05:02.212Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T03:05:02.212Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}