{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:pune:1997-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/1997-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450657.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862192.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6931,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":24.6005,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":283.9073,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9073},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":24.6005,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2671},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":125.2936},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450657.770833,"ahargana":1862192.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8191,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.19980900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.151208999999994,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.5691},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":175.93090900000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":127.530509,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":294.804709,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":131.611509,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":356.485709,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":152.092,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":332.092,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450657.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862192.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6931,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":24.6005,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":283.9073,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9073},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":24.6005,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2671},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":125.2936},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.569,"elongation":76.093},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.569,"opposition_distance":103.907}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"pune","name":"Pune, Maharashtra","lat":18.5204,"lon":73.8567,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":560},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"pune","name":"Pune, Maharashtra","lat":18.5204,"lon":73.8567,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":560},"sunriseLocal":"06:10","sunsetLocal":"19:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:41","dayLengthHours":13.008479907542299,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 59 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:17","moonsetLocal":"14:12","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:48","end":"09:26","startHours":7.800879245944991,"endHours":9.426939234387778,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:03","end":"12:41","startHours":11.052999222830564,"endHours":12.679059211273351,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:18","end":"15:56","startHours":14.305119199716138,"endHours":15.931179188158929,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.210131235928738,"endHours":9.643747232846817,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:43","end":"07:04","startHours":6.716839253649798,"endHours":7.063732051184259,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:15","end":"13:07","startHours":12.245443214355276,"endHours":13.11267520819143,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:18","startHours":4.4403552698298965,"endHours":5.30758726366605,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:05","end":"06:10","startHours":5.090779265207011,"endHours":6.174819257502203,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:51","end":"15:43","startHours":14.847139195863736,"endHours":15.71437118969989,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:59","end":"19:23","startHours":18.983299165044503,"endHours":19.3832991650445,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:11","end":"19:44","startHours":19.183299165044502,"endHours":19.725319161192097,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:56","end":"20:41","startHours":18.933299165044502,"endHours":20.683299165044502,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:15","end":"01:07","startHours":24.245443214355276,"endHours":25.112675208191433,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:10","end":"07:48","startHours":6.174819257502203,"endHours":7.800879245944991,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:48","end":"09:26","startHours":7.800879245944991,"endHours":9.426939234387778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:26","end":"11:03","startHours":9.426939234387778,"endHours":11.052999222830564,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:03","end":"12:41","startHours":11.052999222830564,"endHours":12.679059211273351,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:41","end":"14:18","startHours":12.679059211273351,"endHours":14.305119199716138,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:18","end":"15:56","startHours":14.305119199716138,"endHours":15.931179188158929,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:56","end":"17:33","startHours":15.931179188158929,"endHours":17.557239176601716,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:33","end":"19:11","startHours":17.557239176601716,"endHours":19.183299165044502,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:11","end":"20:33","startHours":19.183299165044502,"endHours":20.557239176601716,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:33","end":"21:56","startHours":20.557239176601716,"endHours":21.93117918815893,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:56","end":"23:18","startHours":21.93117918815893,"endHours":23.305119199716138,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:18","end":"00:41","startHours":23.305119199716138,"endHours":24.679059211273355,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:41","end":"02:03","startHours":24.679059211273355,"endHours":26.052999222830564,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:03","end":"03:26","startHours":26.052999222830564,"endHours":27.426939234387778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:26","end":"04:48","startHours":27.426939234387778,"endHours":28.80087924594499,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:48","end":"06:10","startHours":28.80087924594499,"endHours":30.174819257502204,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.174819257502203,"endHours":7.174819257502203,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.174819257502203,"endHours":8.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.174819257502204,"endHours":9.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.174819257502204,"endHours":10.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.174819257502204,"endHours":11.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.174819257502204,"endHours":12.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.174819257502204,"endHours":13.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.174819257502204,"endHours":14.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.174819257502204,"endHours":15.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.174819257502204,"endHours":16.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.174819257502204,"endHours":17.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.174819257502204,"endHours":18.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.174819257502204,"endHours":19.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.174819257502204,"endHours":20.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.174819257502204,"endHours":21.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.174819257502204,"endHours":22.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.174819257502204,"endHours":23.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.174819257502204,"endHours":24.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.174819257502204,"endHours":25.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.174819257502204,"endHours":26.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.174819257502204,"endHours":27.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.174819257502204,"endHours":28.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.174819257502204,"endHours":29.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.174819257502204,"endHours":30.174819257502204,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":19.009689654168994,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.8191}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"pune"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 1997 CE · Pune, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 1997 CE for Pune, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 06:10, sūryāsta 19:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/1997-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/1997-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/1997-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/1997-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pune/1997-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T09:43:38.164Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T09:43:38.164Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T09:43:38.164Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}