{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:pondicherry:2026-01-08:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2026-01-08","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-01-08","date_display":"January 8, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":8,"hour":6.052266666666667,"minute":2.167,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461048.753683,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872583.2537,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":263.2477,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.4132,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.1654,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.1654},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.4132,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.0798},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":44.6609},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta four-step process (II.43-44), tabular sines, even/odd epicycles, no bīja; verified against Burgess 1860 worked example","engine_version":"4.0 (Pūrṇa — Burgess text, 2026-09-26)","tradition_sources":"Sūrya Siddhānta Ch. I-III, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860)","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":8,"hour":6.052266666666667,"minute":2.167,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461048.753683,"ahargana":1872583.2537,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa":22.901,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":263.2477,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.4132,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.009},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":262.1854,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":256.4233,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":91.544,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":267.1146,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":324.6544,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":321.5277,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":141.5277,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":8,"hour":6.052266666666667,"minute":2.167,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461048.753683,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872583.2537,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":263.2477,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.4132,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.1654,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.1654},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.4132,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.0798},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":44.6609},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.009,"elongation":121.835},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.009,"opposition_distance":58.165}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"pondicherry","name":"Pondicherry (Puducherry)","lat":11.9416,"lon":79.8083,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"pondicherry","name":"Pondicherry (Puducherry)","lat":11.9416,"lon":79.8083,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:32","sunsetLocal":"17:51","solarNoonLocal":"12:12","dayLengthHours":11.318486742675304,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 19 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 40 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:31","moonsetLocal":"10:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:37","end":"15:01","startHours":13.610171004198492,"endHours":15.024981847032905},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:32","end":"07:57","startHours":6.536116790026426,"endHours":7.950927632860839},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:22","end":"10:47","startHours":9.365738475695252,"endHours":10.780549318529665},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:34","startHours":11.816666666666666,"endHours":12.566666666666666},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:41","startHours":4.85,"endHours":5.683333333333334},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:45","end":"17:57","startHours":17.75,"endHours":17.95},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśītha","start":"23:46","end":"00:37","startHours":23.766666666666666,"endHours":24.616666666666667},"sourcedMuhurtas":{"success":true,"date":"2026-01-08","sunrise":"06:32","sunset":"17:51","timezone":"UTC+5.5","calculation_method":"surya_siddhanta (II.59-63, II.46)","rahu_kalam":{"name":"Rāhu Kālam","sanskrit":"राहु काल","start":"13:37","end":"15:01","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"part 6 of the day's 8 (Sun 8, Mon 2, Tue 7, Wed 5, Thu 6, Fri 4, Sat 3)","source":"South Indian almanac table (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala); no verse found in BPHS, Bṛhatsaṃhitā, Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Nārada-saṃhitā, Phaladīpikā, Dharmasindhu, Nirṇayasindhu or Praśna-mārga","sources_say":["Uttara-kālāmṛta 2.29 (post-16th century; read in P. S. Sastri's English): not to bathe in the sea during it. The editor: \"Standard texts have no mention of it.\""],"evidence":"regional convention"},"yamaganda_kalam":{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (Yamagaṇḍa) Kālam","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"06:32","end":"07:57","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 1 of 8, counted from Jupiter","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"gulika_kalam":{"name":"Gulika Kālam","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"09:22","end":"10:47","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 3 of 8, counted from Jupiter","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"brahma_muhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","sanskrit":"ब्रह्म मुहूर्त","start":"04:51","end":"05:41","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night ending at this sunrise","source":"Manusmṛti 4.92; Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1, with Aruṇadatta and Hemādri","sources_say":["Manusmṛti 4.92: \"brāhme muhūrte budhyeta\" (one should wake in the brāhma muhūrta and reflect on dharma and the Veda)","Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1: \"brāhme muhūrta uttiṣṭhet svastho rakṣārtham āyuṣaḥ\" (the healthy should rise then, to protect life)","Aruṇadatta: \"rātreś caturdaśo muhūrto brāhmo muhūrtaḥ\"; Hemādri: \"rātreś copāntyo muhūrto brāhmaḥ\" (wording through a journal article)"],"evidence":"secondary","note":"Manu and Vāgbhaṭa name it; the 14th of the night is the commentators' definition"},"abhijit_muhurta":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","sanskrit":"अभिजित् मुहूर्त","start":"11:49","end":"12:34","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day, around midday","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.7-8; Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-86; Nārada-saṃhitā 9.4-5","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.8: \"tena yānam apahāya dakṣiṇāṃ sarvadikṣv abhijit praśasyate\" (under Abhijit, travel in every direction but the south is praised)","Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-84: in Abhijit, even where faults exist, one may do all auspicious work except travel to the south","Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (\"yukto muhūrto vijayaḥ prāpto madhyaṃ divākaraḥ\")"],"evidence":"verse read"},"nishitha":{"name":"Niśītha","sanskrit":"निशीथ","start":"23:46","end":"00:37","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night: the middle of the night (not clock midnight)","source":"Dharmasindhu; Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54","sources_say":["Dharmasindhu: niśītha is the middle of the night, finely the 8th muhūrta; the instant at which a tithi is taken for night observances","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, niśītha except toward the north"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)"},"godhuli":{"name":"Godhūli","sanskrit":"गोधूलि","start":"17:45","end":"17:57","duration_minutes":12,"rule":"15 pala before and after the half-set Sun (the text's sunset is the Sun's centre on the horizon)","source":"Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38 (citing the Jyotirnibandha); Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Vivāha 6.100-101","sources_say":["Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 6.100: \"godhūliḥ sā munibhir uditā sarvakāryeṣu praśastā\" (the sages declared godhūli praised for all works)","Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38: a lagna for marriage when no other good lagna is available","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, godhūli except toward the west"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)","note":"MC 6.101 places the instant by season (in hemanta the rayless disk, in the hot season the half-set Sun, in the rains the Sun fully set); the half-set form is given"},"kala_vela":{"day":[{"name":"Gulika (day)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"09:22","end":"10:47","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 3 of 8, counted from Jupiter","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (day)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"06:32","end":"07:57","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 1 of 8, counted from Jupiter","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (day)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"10:47","end":"12:12","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the day: part 4 of 8, counted from Jupiter","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (day)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"13:37","end":"15:01","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Jupiter","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (day)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"15:01","end":"16:26","duration_minutes":84.9,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the day: part 7 of 8, counted from Jupiter","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}],"night":[{"name":"Gulika (night)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"01:47","end":"03:22","duration_minutes":95.1,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the night: part 6 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (night)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"22:37","end":"00:12","duration_minutes":95.1,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the night: part 4 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (night)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"03:22","end":"04:57","duration_minutes":95.1,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the night: part 7 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (night)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"19:26","end":"21:02","duration_minutes":95.1,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the night: part 2 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (night)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"21:02","end":"22:37","duration_minutes":95.1,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the night: part 3 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}]},"day_muhurtas":[{"name":"Śiva","sanskrit":"शिव","deity":"Śiva","start":"06:32","end":"07:17","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Bhujaga","sanskrit":"भुजग","deity":"Bhujaga","start":"07:17","end":"08:03","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 2th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Mitra","sanskrit":"मित्र","deity":"Mitra","start":"08:03","end":"08:48","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 3th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Pitṛ","sanskrit":"पितृ","deity":"Pitṛ","start":"08:48","end":"09:33","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Vasu","sanskrit":"वसु","deity":"Vasu","start":"09:33","end":"10:19","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Jala","sanskrit":"जल","deity":"Jala","start":"10:19","end":"11:04","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viśva","sanskrit":"विश्व","deity":"Viśva","start":"11:04","end":"11:49","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","sanskrit":"विरिञ्चि","deity":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","start":"11:49","end":"12:34","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","sanskrit":"पङ्कजप्रभव","deity":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","start":"12:34","end":"13:20","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indra","sanskrit":"इन्द्र","deity":"Indra","start":"13:20","end":"14:05","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indrāgnī","sanskrit":"इन्द्राग्नी","deity":"Indrāgnī","start":"14:05","end":"14:50","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Niśācara","sanskrit":"निशाचर","deity":"Niśācara","start":"14:50","end":"15:35","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Varuṇa","sanskrit":"वरुण","deity":"Varuṇa","start":"15:35","end":"16:21","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aryaman","sanskrit":"अर्यमन्","deity":"Aryaman","start":"16:21","end":"17:06","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Yoni (Bhaga)","sanskrit":"योनि","deity":"Yoni (Bhaga)","start":"17:06","end":"17:51","duration_minutes":45.3,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"night_muhurtas":[{"name":"Rudra","sanskrit":"रुद्र","deity":"Rudra","start":"17:51","end":"18:42","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the 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read"},{"name":"Pūṣan","sanskrit":"पूषन्","deity":"Pūṣan","start":"20:23","end":"21:14","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dasra","sanskrit":"दस्र","deity":"Dasra","start":"21:14","end":"22:05","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Antaka","sanskrit":"अन्तक","deity":"Antaka","start":"22:05","end":"22:56","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Agni","sanskrit":"अग्नि","deity":"Agni","start":"22:56","end":"23:46","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dhātṛ","sanskrit":"धातृ","deity":"Dhātṛ","start":"23:46","end":"00:37","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indu","sanskrit":"इन्दु","deity":"Indu","start":"00:37","end":"01:28","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aditi","sanskrit":"अदिति","deity":"Aditi","start":"01:28","end":"02:19","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Guru","sanskrit":"गुरु","deity":"Guru","start":"02:19","end":"03:09","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Hari","sanskrit":"हरि","deity":"Hari","start":"03:09","end":"04:00","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Ravi","sanskrit":"रवि","deity":"Ravi","start":"04:00","end":"04:51","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Tvaṣṭṛ","sanskrit":"त्वष्टृ","deity":"Tvaṣṭṛ","start":"04:51","end":"05:41","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Anila","sanskrit":"अनिल","deity":"Anila","start":"05:41","end":"06:32","duration_minutes":50.7,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"vara_lord":"Guru","vara_sanskrit":"गुरुवार","not_computed":[{"name":"Vijaya muhūrta as \"the second half of the 7th muhūrta\"","reason":"no source; Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (see Abhijit)"},{"name":"Amṛta kāla by weekday","reason":"no source for a weekday table; the amṛta-ghaṭikā of the sources is by nakṣatra and is not yet read from a primary text"},{"name":"Durmuhūrta (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.38-39)","reason":"the weekday table is partly unreadable in the scans (Tuesday and Thursday)"}],"sources":"docs/MUHURTA_SOURCES.md"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:32","end":"07:57","startHours":6.536116790026426,"endHours":7.950927632860839},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:57","end":"09:22","startHours":7.950927632860839,"endHours":9.365738475695252},{"name":"Udvega","start":"09:22","end":"10:47","startHours":9.365738475695252,"endHours":10.780549318529665},{"name":"Cara","start":"10:47","end":"12:12","startHours":10.780549318529665,"endHours":12.195360161364079},{"name":"Lābha","start":"12:12","end":"13:37","startHours":12.195360161364079,"endHours":13.610171004198492},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:37","end":"15:01","startHours":13.610171004198492,"endHours":15.024981847032905},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:01","end":"16:26","startHours":15.024981847032905,"endHours":16.439792689867318},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:26","end":"17:51","startHours":16.439792689867318,"endHours":17.85460353270173}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:51","end":"19:26","startHours":17.85460353270173,"endHours":19.439792689867318},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:26","end":"21:01","startHours":19.439792689867318,"endHours":21.024981847032905},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:01","end":"22:37","startHours":21.024981847032905,"endHours":22.61017100419849},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:37","end":"00:12","startHours":22.61017100419849,"endHours":24.19536016136408},{"name":"Udvega","start":"00:12","end":"01:47","startHours":24.19536016136408,"endHours":25.780549318529665},{"name":"Cara","start":"01:47","end":"03:22","startHours":25.780549318529665,"endHours":27.365738475695252},{"name":"Lābha","start":"03:22","end":"04:57","startHours":27.365738475695252,"endHours":28.95092763286084},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:57","end":"06:32","startHours":28.95092763286084,"endHours":30.536116790026426}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:32","end":"07:32","startHours":6.536116790026426,"endHours":7.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:32","end":"08:32","startHours":7.536116790026426,"endHours":8.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:32","end":"09:32","startHours":8.536116790026426,"endHours":9.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:32","end":"10:32","startHours":9.536116790026426,"endHours":10.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:32","end":"11:32","startHours":10.536116790026426,"endHours":11.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:32","end":"12:32","startHours":11.536116790026426,"endHours":12.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:32","end":"13:32","startHours":12.536116790026426,"endHours":13.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:32","end":"14:32","startHours":13.536116790026426,"endHours":14.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:32","end":"15:32","startHours":14.536116790026426,"endHours":15.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:32","end":"16:32","startHours":15.536116790026426,"endHours":16.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:32","end":"17:32","startHours":16.536116790026426,"endHours":17.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:32","end":"18:32","startHours":17.536116790026426,"endHours":18.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:32","end":"19:32","startHours":18.536116790026426,"endHours":19.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:32","end":"20:32","startHours":19.536116790026426,"endHours":20.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:32","end":"21:32","startHours":20.536116790026426,"endHours":21.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:32","end":"22:32","startHours":21.536116790026426,"endHours":22.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:32","end":"23:32","startHours":22.536116790026426,"endHours":23.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:32","end":"00:32","startHours":23.536116790026426,"endHours":24.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:32","end":"01:32","startHours":24.536116790026426,"endHours":25.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:32","end":"02:32","startHours":25.536116790026426,"endHours":26.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:32","end":"03:32","startHours":26.536116790026426,"endHours":27.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:32","end":"04:32","startHours":27.536116790026426,"endHours":28.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:32","end":"05:32","startHours":28.536116790026426,"endHours":29.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:32","end":"06:32","startHours":29.536116790026426,"endHours":30.536116790026426,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"day_star":"Pūrva Phalgunī","by_tara":[{"number":1,"name":"Janma","janma_stars":["Bharaṇī","Pūrva Phalgunī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":2,"name":"Sampat","janma_stars":["Aśvinī","Maghā","Mūla"]},{"number":3,"name":"Vipat","janma_stars":["Aśleṣā","Jyeṣṭhā","Revatī"]},{"number":4,"name":"Kṣema","janma_stars":["Puṣya","Anurādhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":5,"name":"Pratyari","janma_stars":["Punarvasu","Viśākhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":6,"name":"Sādhaka","janma_stars":["Ārdrā","Svātī","Śatabhiṣaj"]},{"number":7,"name":"Vadha","janma_stars":["Mṛgaśirā","Citrā","Dhaniṣṭhā"]},{"number":8,"name":"Maitra","janma_stars":["Rohiṇī","Hasta","Śravaṇa"]},{"number":9,"name":"Atimaitra","janma_stars":["Kṛttikā","Uttara Phalgunī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā"]}],"rule":"Counted from the janma star to the day's star, in three rounds of nine","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 11-12","sources_say":"\"tārā nāmasadṛkphalāḥ\": each tārā gives fruit like its name (v.12)"},"chandraBala":{"moon_rashi":"Siṃha","rows":[{"janma_rashi":"Meṣa","house":5,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛṣabha","house":4,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mithuna","house":3,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":9,"vedha_by":["Saturn","Rāhu"]},{"janma_rashi":"Karka","house":2,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Siṃha","house":1,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":5,"vedha_by":["Sun","Mars","Venus"]},{"janma_rashi":"Kanyā","house":12,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Tulā","house":11,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":8,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛścika","house":10,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":4,"vedha_by":["Saturn","Rāhu"]},{"janma_rashi":"Dhanu","house":9,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Makara","house":8,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kumbha","house":7,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":2,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mīna","house":6,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":12,"vedha_by":["Saturn","Rāhu"]}],"rule":"The Moon's house counted from the janma rāśi; the places of v.1 with their vedha houses, and in the bright half those of v.4","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 1-4","not_computed":"the vedha of the v.4 places (the ṭīkā gives 6, 8, 4; not checked against a second edition)"},"dishaShool":"South","dishaShoolSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.5 (and Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 10): \"na vrajet\", one should not set out that way on that weekday","chandraVasa":"East","chandraVasaSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.8: the rāśis from Meṣa in turn to the four quarters from the east; the Moon dwells in her rāśi's quarter","rahuVasa":null,"rahuVasaNotComputed":"Rāhu-vāsa by weekday: no classical verse found (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi has only the nakṣatra-based Pathi-Rāhu-cakra, Yātrā 18); an almanac convention, not shown","anandadiYoga":{"number":23,"name":"Gada","star":"Pūrva-Phalgunī","counted_from":"Anurādhā","excluded_ghatis":7,"rule":"Counted from the weekday's star to the day's star, Abhijit included (28)","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Śubhāśubha 23-26; Abhijit by Vivāha 55"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise and sunset II.59-63 with II.46; ayanāṃśa III.9-10; obliquity 24°","declination":-22.951321532489214,"eotMinutes":-0.9236314147994229,"ayanamsa":22.900969063406784}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"pondicherry"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 8, 2026 CE · Pondicherry (Puducherry) · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 8, 2026 CE for Pondicherry (Puducherry): Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:32, sūryāsta 17:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2026-01-08","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2026-01-08","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2026-01-08","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2026-01-08","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2026-01-08"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-10-05T07:15:29.543Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise II.59-63, declination II.28, apparent time II.46, ayanāṃśa III.9-10","retrieved_at":"2026-10-05T07:15:29.543Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-10-05T07:15:29.543Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. 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