{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:pondicherry:2021-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2021-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459335.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870870.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.7627,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.1835,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.4208,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4208},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":248.1835,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.1835},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.9462},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459335.770833,"ahargana":1870870.2708,"kali_year":5123,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.151,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.751045999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":251.1260460000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.2312},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":70.167846,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":29.752246000000014,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":304.19144600000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":25.67254600000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":288.9766460000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":52.2898,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":232.2898,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459335.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870870.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.7627,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.1835,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.4208,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4208},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":248.1835,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.1835},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.9462},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.231,"elongation":128.579},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.231,"opposition_distance":51.421}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"pondicherry","name":"Pondicherry (Puducherry)","lat":11.9416,"lon":79.8083,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"pondicherry","name":"Pondicherry (Puducherry)","lat":11.9416,"lon":79.8083,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:51","sunsetLocal":"18:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:08","dayLengthHours":12.55385690256646,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 33 Mins 14 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 26 Mins 46 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:04","moonsetLocal":"09:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:00","end":"10:34","startHours":8.992348985542272,"endHours":10.56158109836308,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:42","end":"15:16","startHours":13.700045324004694,"endHours":15.269277436825503,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:51","end":"07:25","startHours":5.853884759900657,"endHours":7.423116872721464,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:47","end":"09:12","startHours":8.783118037166165,"endHours":9.20157993391838,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:23","end":"06:43","startHours":6.376962130840926,"endHours":6.711731648242699,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:43","end":"12:33","startHours":11.712351314431672,"endHours":12.5492751079361,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:11","end":"05:01","startHours":4.1800371728917955,"endHours":5.016960966396226,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:48","end":"05:51","startHours":4.807730018020118,"endHours":5.853884759900657,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"15:04","startHours":14.223122694944964,"endHours":15.060046488449395,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:12","end":"18:36","startHours":18.207741662467118,"endHours":18.607741662467117,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:24","end":"18:56","startHours":18.407741662467117,"endHours":18.930819033407385,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:54","startHours":18.157741662467117,"endHours":19.907741662467117,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:43","end":"00:33","startHours":23.712351314431668,"endHours":24.5492751079361,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:51","end":"07:25","startHours":5.853884759900657,"endHours":7.423116872721464,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:25","end":"09:00","startHours":7.423116872721464,"endHours":8.992348985542272,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:00","end":"10:34","startHours":8.992348985542272,"endHours":10.56158109836308,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:34","end":"12:08","startHours":10.56158109836308,"endHours":12.130813211183888,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:08","end":"13:42","startHours":12.130813211183888,"endHours":13.700045324004694,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:42","end":"15:16","startHours":13.700045324004694,"endHours":15.269277436825503,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:16","end":"16:50","startHours":15.269277436825503,"endHours":16.83850954964631,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:50","end":"18:24","startHours":16.83850954964631,"endHours":18.407741662467117,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:24","end":"19:50","startHours":18.407741662467117,"endHours":19.83850954964631,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:50","end":"21:16","startHours":19.83850954964631,"endHours":21.2692774368255,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:16","end":"22:42","startHours":21.2692774368255,"endHours":22.700045324004694,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:42","end":"00:08","startHours":22.700045324004694,"endHours":24.130813211183888,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:08","end":"01:34","startHours":24.130813211183888,"endHours":25.561581098363078,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:34","end":"03:00","startHours":25.561581098363078,"endHours":26.99234898554227,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:00","end":"04:25","startHours":26.99234898554227,"endHours":28.423116872721465,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:25","end":"05:51","startHours":28.423116872721465,"endHours":29.85388475990066,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:51","end":"06:51","startHours":5.853884759900657,"endHours":6.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:51","end":"07:51","startHours":6.853884759900657,"endHours":7.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:51","end":"08:51","startHours":7.853884759900657,"endHours":8.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:51","end":"09:51","startHours":8.853884759900657,"endHours":9.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:51","end":"10:51","startHours":9.853884759900657,"endHours":10.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:51","end":"11:51","startHours":10.853884759900657,"endHours":11.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:51","end":"12:51","startHours":11.853884759900657,"endHours":12.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:51","end":"13:51","startHours":12.853884759900657,"endHours":13.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:51","end":"14:51","startHours":13.853884759900657,"endHours":14.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:51","end":"15:51","startHours":14.853884759900657,"endHours":15.853884759900657,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:51","end":"16:51","startHours":15.853884759900657,"endHours":16.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:51","end":"17:51","startHours":16.85388475990066,"endHours":17.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:51","end":"18:51","startHours":17.85388475990066,"endHours":18.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:51","end":"19:51","startHours":18.85388475990066,"endHours":19.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:51","end":"20:51","startHours":19.85388475990066,"endHours":20.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:51","end":"21:51","startHours":20.85388475990066,"endHours":21.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:51","end":"22:51","startHours":21.85388475990066,"endHours":22.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:51","end":"23:51","startHours":22.85388475990066,"endHours":23.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:51","end":"00:51","startHours":23.85388475990066,"endHours":24.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:51","end":"01:51","startHours":24.85388475990066,"endHours":25.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:51","end":"02:51","startHours":25.85388475990066,"endHours":26.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:51","end":"03:51","startHours":26.85388475990066,"endHours":27.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:51","end":"04:51","startHours":27.85388475990066,"endHours":28.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:51","end":"05:51","startHours":28.85388475990066,"endHours":29.85388475990066,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":15.09512794842541,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.151}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"pondicherry"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2021 CE · Pondicherry (Puducherry) · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2021 CE for Pondicherry (Puducherry): Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:51, sūryāsta 18:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2021-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2021-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2021-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2021-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/pondicherry/2021-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T17:09:23.766Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T17:09:23.766Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T17:09:23.766Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}