{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:phoenix:2023-03-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-03-28","date_display":"March 28, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460031.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871566.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.0491,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.2409,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":77.1917,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1917},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":60.2409,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.9075},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":43.29},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460031.770833,"ahargana":1871566.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1776,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":342.929453,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":61.094952999999975,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.1708},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":66.766253,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":353.172353,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":354.019053,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":18.81455299999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":308.21315300000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":15.4124,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":195.4124,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460031.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871566.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.0491,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.2409,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":77.1917,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1917},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":60.2409,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.9075},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":43.29},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.171,"elongation":77.192},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.171,"opposition_distance":102.808}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:45","solarNoonLocal":"12:34","dayLengthHours":12.382064589548378,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 22 Mins 55 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 37 Mins 05 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:37","moonsetLocal":"00:56","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:40","end":"17:13","startHours":15.660785187493786,"endHours":17.208543261187334,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:28","end":"11:01","startHours":9.469752892719598,"endHours":11.017510966413145,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:34","end":"14:07","startHours":12.565269040106692,"endHours":14.11302711380024,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:41","startHours":9.263385149560456,"endHours":9.676120635878735,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:53","end":"07:13","startHours":6.8901561032303515,"endHours":7.220344492284975,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:59","startHours":12.152533553788412,"endHours":12.978004526424971,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:43","end":"05:33","startHours":4.723294800059385,"endHours":5.548765772695944,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:22","startHours":5.342398029536804,"endHours":6.374236745332502,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:27","startHours":14.62894647169809,"endHours":15.454417444334648,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:33","end":"18:57","startHours":18.55630133488088,"endHours":18.95630133488088,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:45","end":"19:16","startHours":18.75630133488088,"endHours":19.27222069277873,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:30","end":"20:15","startHours":18.50630133488088,"endHours":20.25630133488088,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:59","startHours":24.152533553788412,"endHours":24.97800452642497,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:22","end":"07:55","startHours":6.374236745332502,"endHours":7.921994819026049,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:55","end":"09:28","startHours":7.921994819026049,"endHours":9.469752892719598,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:28","end":"11:01","startHours":9.469752892719598,"endHours":11.017510966413145,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:01","end":"12:34","startHours":11.017510966413145,"endHours":12.565269040106692,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:34","end":"14:07","startHours":12.565269040106692,"endHours":14.11302711380024,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:07","end":"15:40","startHours":14.11302711380024,"endHours":15.660785187493786,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:40","end":"17:13","startHours":15.660785187493786,"endHours":17.208543261187334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:13","end":"18:45","startHours":17.208543261187334,"endHours":18.75630133488088,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:45","end":"20:13","startHours":18.75630133488088,"endHours":20.208543261187334,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:13","end":"21:40","startHours":20.208543261187334,"endHours":21.660785187493786,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:40","end":"23:07","startHours":21.660785187493786,"endHours":23.11302711380024,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:07","end":"00:34","startHours":23.11302711380024,"endHours":24.565269040106692,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:34","end":"02:01","startHours":24.565269040106692,"endHours":26.017510966413145,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:01","end":"03:28","startHours":26.017510966413145,"endHours":27.469752892719598,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:28","end":"04:55","startHours":27.469752892719598,"endHours":28.92199481902605,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:55","end":"06:22","startHours":28.92199481902605,"endHours":30.374236745332503,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.374236745332502,"endHours":7.374236745332502,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.374236745332502,"endHours":8.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.374236745332503,"endHours":9.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.374236745332503,"endHours":10.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.374236745332503,"endHours":11.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.374236745332503,"endHours":12.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.374236745332503,"endHours":13.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.374236745332503,"endHours":14.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.374236745332503,"endHours":15.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.374236745332503,"endHours":16.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.374236745332503,"endHours":17.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.374236745332503,"endHours":18.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.374236745332503,"endHours":19.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.374236745332503,"endHours":20.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.374236745332503,"endHours":21.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.374236745332503,"endHours":22.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.374236745332503,"endHours":23.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.374236745332503,"endHours":24.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.374236745332503,"endHours":25.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.374236745332503,"endHours":26.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.374236745332503,"endHours":27.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.374236745332503,"endHours":28.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.374236745332503,"endHours":29.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.374236745332503,"endHours":30.374236745332503,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":2.8206016422353537,"eotMinutes":-5.6201424064016345,"ayanamsa":24.1776}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"phoenix"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 28, 2023 CE · Phoenix, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 28, 2023 CE for Phoenix, USA: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:45.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:34:19.677Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:34:19.677Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:34:19.677Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}