{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:phoenix:2023-03-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-03-16","date_display":"March 16, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460019.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871554.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":331.1373,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.1617,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":285.0244,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0244},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":256.1617,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8283},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":227.299},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460019.770833,"ahargana":1871554.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1771,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":331.01321200000007,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":253.31771200000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9006},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":61.08741199999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":329.260312,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":351.170412,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":4.420312000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":306.887112,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":16.0482,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":196.0482,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460019.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871554.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":331.1373,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.1617,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":285.0244,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.0244},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":256.1617,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8283},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":227.299},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.901,"elongation":74.976},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.901,"opposition_distance":105.024}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:39","sunsetLocal":"18:37","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":11.964793754907918,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:30","moonsetLocal":"12:24","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:07","end":"15:37","startHours":14.123192555054583,"endHours":15.618791774418074,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:39","end":"08:08","startHours":6.645196458237136,"endHours":8.140795677600625,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:38","end":"11:08","startHours":9.636394896964115,"endHours":11.131994116327604,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:50","startHours":9.43698166771565,"endHours":9.83580812621258,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:09","end":"07:28","startHours":7.143729531358299,"endHours":7.462790698155843,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:14","end":"13:02","startHours":12.228766877194165,"endHours":13.026419794188026,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:03","end":"05:51","startHours":5.0498906242494135,"endHours":5.847543541243274,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:39","end":"06:39","startHours":5.648130311994809,"endHours":6.645196458237136,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:25","startHours":14.621725628175748,"endHours":15.419378545169609,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:25","end":"18:49","startHours":18.409990213145054,"endHours":18.809990213145053,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:37","end":"19:07","startHours":18.609990213145053,"endHours":19.108523286266216,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:22","end":"20:07","startHours":18.359990213145053,"endHours":20.109990213145053,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:14","end":"01:02","startHours":24.228766877194165,"endHours":25.026419794188026,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:39","end":"08:08","startHours":6.645196458237136,"endHours":8.140795677600625,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:08","end":"09:38","startHours":8.140795677600625,"endHours":9.636394896964115,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:38","end":"11:08","startHours":9.636394896964115,"endHours":11.131994116327604,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:08","end":"12:38","startHours":11.131994116327604,"endHours":12.627593335691095,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:38","end":"14:07","startHours":12.627593335691095,"endHours":14.123192555054583,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:07","end":"15:37","startHours":14.123192555054583,"endHours":15.618791774418074,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:37","end":"17:07","startHours":15.618791774418074,"endHours":17.114390993781562,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:07","end":"18:37","startHours":17.114390993781562,"endHours":18.609990213145053,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:37","end":"20:07","startHours":18.609990213145053,"endHours":20.114390993781562,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:07","end":"21:37","startHours":20.114390993781562,"endHours":21.618791774418074,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:37","end":"23:07","startHours":21.618791774418074,"endHours":23.123192555054583,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:07","end":"00:38","startHours":23.123192555054583,"endHours":24.627593335691095,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:38","end":"02:08","startHours":24.627593335691095,"endHours":26.131994116327604,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:08","end":"03:38","startHours":26.131994116327604,"endHours":27.636394896964113,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:38","end":"05:08","startHours":27.636394896964113,"endHours":29.140795677600625,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:08","end":"06:39","startHours":29.140795677600625,"endHours":30.645196458237137,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:39","end":"07:39","startHours":6.645196458237136,"endHours":7.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:39","end":"08:39","startHours":7.645196458237136,"endHours":8.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:39","end":"09:39","startHours":8.645196458237136,"endHours":9.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:39","end":"10:39","startHours":9.645196458237136,"endHours":10.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:39","end":"11:39","startHours":10.645196458237136,"endHours":11.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:39","end":"12:39","startHours":11.645196458237136,"endHours":12.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:39","end":"13:39","startHours":12.645196458237136,"endHours":13.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:39","end":"14:39","startHours":13.645196458237136,"endHours":14.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:39","end":"15:39","startHours":14.645196458237136,"endHours":15.645196458237136,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:39","end":"16:39","startHours":15.645196458237136,"endHours":16.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:39","end":"17:39","startHours":16.645196458237137,"endHours":17.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:39","end":"18:39","startHours":17.645196458237137,"endHours":18.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:39","end":"19:39","startHours":18.645196458237137,"endHours":19.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:39","end":"20:39","startHours":19.645196458237137,"endHours":20.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:39","end":"21:39","startHours":20.645196458237137,"endHours":21.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:39","end":"22:39","startHours":21.645196458237137,"endHours":22.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:39","end":"23:39","startHours":22.645196458237137,"endHours":23.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:39","end":"00:39","startHours":23.645196458237137,"endHours":24.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:39","end":"01:39","startHours":24.645196458237137,"endHours":25.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:39","end":"02:39","startHours":25.645196458237137,"endHours":26.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:39","end":"03:39","startHours":26.645196458237137,"endHours":27.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:39","end":"04:39","startHours":27.645196458237137,"endHours":28.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:39","end":"05:39","startHours":28.645196458237137,"endHours":29.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:39","end":"06:39","startHours":29.645196458237137,"endHours":30.645196458237137,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-1.911077471484439,"eotMinutes":-9.359600141465874,"ayanamsa":24.1771}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"phoenix"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 16, 2023 CE · Phoenix, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 16, 2023 CE for Phoenix, USA: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 06:39, sūryāsta 18:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2023-03-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:15:48.782Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:15:48.782Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:15:48.782Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}