{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:phoenix:2021-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2021-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459426.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870961.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.3435,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.3299,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.9864,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9864},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.3299,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3299},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":110.6733},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459426.770833,"ahargana":1870961.2708,"kali_year":5123,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1544,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.92506900000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":8.27386899999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.8991},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":126.26666899999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":101.88016900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":305.533269,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":136.339969,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":286.21976900000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":47.4682,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":227.4682,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459426.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870961.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.3435,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.3299,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.9864,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9864},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.3299,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3299},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":110.6733},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.899,"elongation":96.014},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.899,"opposition_distance":83.986}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:40","sunsetLocal":"19:29","solarNoonLocal":"12:34","dayLengthHours":13.820940331784534,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 49 Mins 15 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 10 Mins 45 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:36","moonsetLocal":"12:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:07","end":"10:51","startHours":9.117554492259714,"endHours":10.84517203373278,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:18","end":"16:02","startHours":14.300407116678912,"endHours":16.02802465815198,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:40","end":"07:23","startHours":5.66231940931358,"endHours":7.389936950786646,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:21","startHours":8.887205486729972,"endHours":9.347903497789456,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:14","end":"06:36","startHours":6.2381919231379355,"endHours":6.606750331985523,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"13:02","startHours":12.112091564146361,"endHours":13.03348758626533,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:49","end":"04:44","startHours":3.8195273650756416,"endHours":4.740923387194611,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:31","end":"05:40","startHours":4.510574381664869,"endHours":5.66231940931358,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:53","end":"15:48","startHours":14.87627963050327,"endHours":15.797675652622239,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:17","end":"19:41","startHours":19.283259741098114,"endHours":19.683259741098112,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:29","end":"20:04","startHours":19.483259741098113,"endHours":20.059132254922467,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:14","end":"20:59","startHours":19.233259741098113,"endHours":20.983259741098113,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"01:02","startHours":24.11209156414636,"endHours":25.03348758626533,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:40","end":"07:23","startHours":5.66231940931358,"endHours":7.389936950786646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:23","end":"09:07","startHours":7.389936950786646,"endHours":9.117554492259714,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:07","end":"10:51","startHours":9.117554492259714,"endHours":10.84517203373278,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:51","end":"12:34","startHours":10.84517203373278,"endHours":12.572789575205846,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:34","end":"14:18","startHours":12.572789575205846,"endHours":14.300407116678912,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:18","end":"16:02","startHours":14.300407116678912,"endHours":16.02802465815198,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:02","end":"17:45","startHours":16.02802465815198,"endHours":17.755642199625047,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:45","end":"19:29","startHours":17.755642199625047,"endHours":19.483259741098113,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:29","end":"20:45","startHours":19.483259741098113,"endHours":20.755642199625047,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:45","end":"22:02","startHours":20.755642199625047,"endHours":22.028024658151978,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:02","end":"23:18","startHours":22.028024658151978,"endHours":23.30040711667891,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:18","end":"00:34","startHours":23.30040711667891,"endHours":24.572789575205846,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:34","end":"01:51","startHours":24.572789575205846,"endHours":25.84517203373278,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:51","end":"03:07","startHours":25.84517203373278,"endHours":27.117554492259714,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:07","end":"04:23","startHours":27.117554492259714,"endHours":28.389936950786645,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:23","end":"05:40","startHours":28.389936950786645,"endHours":29.66231940931358,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":5.66231940931358,"endHours":6.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.66231940931358,"endHours":7.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.66231940931358,"endHours":8.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.662319409313579,"endHours":9.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.662319409313579,"endHours":10.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.662319409313579,"endHours":11.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.662319409313579,"endHours":12.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.662319409313579,"endHours":13.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.662319409313579,"endHours":14.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.662319409313579,"endHours":15.662319409313579,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.662319409313579,"endHours":16.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.66231940931358,"endHours":17.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.66231940931358,"endHours":18.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.66231940931358,"endHours":19.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.66231940931358,"endHours":20.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.66231940931358,"endHours":21.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.66231940931358,"endHours":22.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.66231940931358,"endHours":23.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.66231940931358,"endHours":24.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.66231940931358,"endHours":25.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.66231940931358,"endHours":26.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.66231940931358,"endHours":27.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.66231940931358,"endHours":28.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":28.66231940931358,"endHours":29.66231940931358,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.244794584274725,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.1544}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"phoenix"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2021 CE · Phoenix, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2021 CE for Phoenix, USA: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 05:40, sūryāsta 19:29.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2021-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2021-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2021-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2021-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2021-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:49:06.193Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:49:06.193Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T19:49:06.193Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}