{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:phoenix:2005-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2005-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2005-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2005 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453579.770833,"kali_year":5107,"ahargana":1865114.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6266,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.3679,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":265.7412,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7412},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":6.3679,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3679},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":106.9945},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2005,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453579.770833,"ahargana":1865114.2708,"kali_year":5107,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9308,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.15206699999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.810166999999979,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.7108},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":5.904966999999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":115.52506699999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":169.321867,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":132.014767,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":97.42316699999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":357.2704,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":177.2704,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453579.770833,"kali_year":5107,"ahargana":1865114.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6266,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.3679,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":265.7412,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7412},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":6.3679,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3679},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":106.9945},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.711,"elongation":94.259},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.711,"opposition_distance":85.741}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:38","sunsetLocal":"19:31","solarNoonLocal":"12:34","dayLengthHours":13.897314637040495,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 53 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 06 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:52","moonsetLocal":"13:06","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:19","end":"16:03","startHours":14.311603540903413,"endHours":16.048767870533474,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:38","end":"07:22","startHours":5.6257818927531025,"endHours":7.362946222383164,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:06","end":"10:50","startHours":9.100110552013227,"endHours":10.837274881643289,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:20","startHours":8.868488641395885,"endHours":9.331732462630567,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:12","end":"06:35","startHours":6.204836669296457,"endHours":6.5754317262842035,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"13:02","startHours":12.111195390038668,"endHours":13.037683032508033,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:46","end":"04:42","startHours":3.7728066078143696,"endHours":4.699294250283736,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:28","end":"05:38","startHours":4.467672339666395,"endHours":5.6257818927531025,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:53","end":"15:49","startHours":14.890658317446764,"endHours":15.81714595991613,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:19","end":"19:43","startHours":19.3230965297936,"endHours":19.723096529793597,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:31","end":"20:06","startHours":19.523096529793598,"endHours":20.102151306336953,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:16","end":"21:01","startHours":19.273096529793598,"endHours":21.023096529793598,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"01:02","startHours":24.111195390038667,"endHours":25.037683032508035,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:38","end":"07:22","startHours":5.6257818927531025,"endHours":7.362946222383164,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:22","end":"09:06","startHours":7.362946222383164,"endHours":9.100110552013227,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:06","end":"10:50","startHours":9.100110552013227,"endHours":10.837274881643289,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:50","end":"12:34","startHours":10.837274881643289,"endHours":12.57443921127335,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:34","end":"14:19","startHours":12.57443921127335,"endHours":14.311603540903413,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:19","end":"16:03","startHours":14.311603540903413,"endHours":16.048767870533474,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:03","end":"17:47","startHours":16.048767870533474,"endHours":17.785932200163536,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:47","end":"19:31","startHours":17.785932200163536,"endHours":19.523096529793598,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:31","end":"20:47","startHours":19.523096529793598,"endHours":20.785932200163536,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:47","end":"22:03","startHours":20.785932200163536,"endHours":22.048767870533474,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:03","end":"23:19","startHours":22.048767870533474,"endHours":23.311603540903413,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:19","end":"00:34","startHours":23.311603540903413,"endHours":24.57443921127335,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:34","end":"01:50","startHours":24.57443921127335,"endHours":25.83727488164329,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:50","end":"03:06","startHours":25.83727488164329,"endHours":27.100110552013227,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:06","end":"04:22","startHours":27.100110552013227,"endHours":28.362946222383165,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:22","end":"05:38","startHours":28.362946222383165,"endHours":29.625781892753103,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":5.6257818927531025,"endHours":6.6257818927531025,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.6257818927531025,"endHours":7.6257818927531025,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.6257818927531025,"endHours":8.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.625781892753103,"endHours":9.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.625781892753103,"endHours":10.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.625781892753103,"endHours":11.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.625781892753103,"endHours":12.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.625781892753103,"endHours":13.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.625781892753103,"endHours":14.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.625781892753103,"endHours":15.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.625781892753103,"endHours":16.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.625781892753103,"endHours":17.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.625781892753103,"endHours":18.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.625781892753103,"endHours":19.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.625781892753103,"endHours":20.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.625781892753103,"endHours":21.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.625781892753103,"endHours":22.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.625781892753103,"endHours":23.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.625781892753103,"endHours":24.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.625781892753103,"endHours":25.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.625781892753103,"endHours":26.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.625781892753103,"endHours":27.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.625781892753103,"endHours":28.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.625781892753103,"endHours":29.625781892753103,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.994238440272852,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.9308}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2062,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vilambī","saka_samvat":1927,"saka_samvatsara":"Pārthiva","bengali_samvat":1412,"malayalam_era":1181,"nanakshahi_year":536,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2062 Vilambī · Śaka 1927 Pārthiva"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"phoenix"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2005 CE · Phoenix, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2005 CE for Phoenix, USA: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:38, sūryāsta 19:31.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2005-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2005-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2005-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2005-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/2005-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T23:30:34.757Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T23:30:34.757Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T23:30:34.757Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}