{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:phoenix:1997-08-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-08-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-08-21","date_display":"August 21, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":8,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450681.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862216.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":123.5786,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":337.5889,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":214.0103,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0103},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":337.5889,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2555},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":101.1674},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":8,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450681.770833,"ahargana":1862216.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.82,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":124.21489200000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":340.620292,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.5298},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":190.35709199999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":142.116692,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":291.719692,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":160.28789200000006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":356.174892,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":150.8204,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":330.8204,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":8,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450681.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862216.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":123.5786,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":337.5889,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":214.0103,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0103},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":337.5889,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2555},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":101.1674},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.53,"elongation":145.99},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.53,"opposition_distance":34.01}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":12,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.043,"elongation":1.659}]},"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:54","sunsetLocal":"19:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":13.228420126625158,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 42 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 18 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:49","moonsetLocal":"09:04","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:10","end":"15:50","startHours":14.171784071094724,"endHours":15.825336586922868,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:54","end":"07:33","startHours":5.9040214919539995,"endHours":7.5575740077821445,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:13","end":"10:52","startHours":9.21112652361029,"endHours":10.864679039438434,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:59","end":"09:26","startHours":8.990652854833204,"endHours":9.431600192387375,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:27","end":"06:48","startHours":6.455205663896715,"endHours":6.807963533940052,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:58","startHours":12.077284217712405,"endHours":12.95917889282075,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:08","end":"05:01","startHours":4.140232141737312,"endHours":5.022126816845656,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:48","end":"05:54","startHours":4.80165314806857,"endHours":5.9040214919539995,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:43","end":"15:36","startHours":14.722968243037437,"endHours":15.60486291814578,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:56","end":"19:20","startHours":18.93244161857916,"endHours":19.332441618579157,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:08","end":"19:41","startHours":19.132441618579158,"endHours":19.683625790521873,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:53","end":"20:38","startHours":18.882441618579158,"endHours":20.632441618579158,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:58","startHours":24.077284217712407,"endHours":24.95917889282075,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:54","end":"07:33","startHours":5.9040214919539995,"endHours":7.5575740077821445,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:33","end":"09:13","startHours":7.5575740077821445,"endHours":9.21112652361029,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:13","end":"10:52","startHours":9.21112652361029,"endHours":10.864679039438434,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:52","end":"12:31","startHours":10.864679039438434,"endHours":12.518231555266578,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:31","end":"14:10","startHours":12.518231555266578,"endHours":14.171784071094724,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:10","end":"15:50","startHours":14.171784071094724,"endHours":15.825336586922868,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:50","end":"17:29","startHours":15.825336586922868,"endHours":17.478889102751012,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:29","end":"19:08","startHours":17.478889102751012,"endHours":19.132441618579158,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:08","end":"20:29","startHours":19.132441618579158,"endHours":20.478889102751012,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:29","end":"21:50","startHours":20.478889102751012,"endHours":21.82533658692287,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:50","end":"23:10","startHours":21.82533658692287,"endHours":23.171784071094724,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:10","end":"00:31","startHours":23.171784071094724,"endHours":24.518231555266578,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:31","end":"01:52","startHours":24.518231555266578,"endHours":25.864679039438435,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:52","end":"03:13","startHours":25.864679039438435,"endHours":27.21112652361029,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:13","end":"04:33","startHours":27.21112652361029,"endHours":28.557574007782144,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:33","end":"05:54","startHours":28.557574007782144,"endHours":29.904021491953998,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:54","end":"06:54","startHours":5.9040214919539995,"endHours":6.9040214919539995,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:54","end":"07:54","startHours":6.9040214919539995,"endHours":7.9040214919539995,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:54","end":"08:54","startHours":7.9040214919539995,"endHours":8.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:54","end":"09:54","startHours":8.904021491954,"endHours":9.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:54","end":"10:54","startHours":9.904021491954,"endHours":10.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:54","end":"11:54","startHours":10.904021491954,"endHours":11.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:54","end":"12:54","startHours":11.904021491954,"endHours":12.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:54","end":"13:54","startHours":12.904021491954,"endHours":13.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:54","end":"14:54","startHours":13.904021491954,"endHours":14.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:54","end":"15:54","startHours":14.904021491954,"endHours":15.904021491954,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:54","end":"16:54","startHours":15.904021491954,"endHours":16.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:54","end":"17:54","startHours":16.904021491953998,"endHours":17.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:54","end":"18:54","startHours":17.904021491953998,"endHours":18.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:54","end":"19:54","startHours":18.904021491953998,"endHours":19.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:54","end":"20:54","startHours":19.904021491953998,"endHours":20.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:54","end":"21:54","startHours":20.904021491953998,"endHours":21.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:54","end":"22:54","startHours":21.904021491953998,"endHours":22.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:54","end":"23:54","startHours":22.904021491953998,"endHours":23.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:54","end":"00:54","startHours":23.904021491953998,"endHours":24.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:54","end":"01:54","startHours":24.904021491953998,"endHours":25.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:54","end":"02:54","startHours":25.904021491953998,"endHours":26.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:54","end":"03:54","startHours":26.904021491953998,"endHours":27.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:54","end":"04:54","startHours":27.904021491953998,"endHours":28.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:54","end":"05:54","startHours":28.904021491953998,"endHours":29.904021491953998,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":12.155209625705355,"eotMinutes":-2.7978933159948465,"ayanamsa":23.82}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"phoenix"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 21, 1997 CE · Phoenix, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 21, 1997 CE for Phoenix, USA: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 05:54, sūryāsta 19:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-08-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-08-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-08-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-08-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-08-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T19:59:05.772Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T19:59:05.772Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T19:59:05.772Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}