{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:phoenix:1997-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450464.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861999.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.0391,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":1.544,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":89.5049,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5049},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":1.544,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.544},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":273.5831},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450464.770833,"ahargana":1861999.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8117,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.134583,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.624183000000016,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.4805},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":159.60238300000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.73808299999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":274.92928299999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":253.52588300000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":338.44638299999997,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":162.3181,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":342.3181,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450464.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861999.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.0391,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":1.544,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":89.5049,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5049},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":1.544,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.544},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":273.5831},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.48,"elongation":89.505},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.48,"opposition_distance":90.495}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:32","sunsetLocal":"17:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":10.193041254013018,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 11 Mins 35 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 48 Mins 25 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:16","moonsetLocal":"01:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:54","end":"15:11","startHours":13.907278515781254,"endHours":15.18140867253288,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:32","end":"08:49","startHours":7.536627732023117,"endHours":8.810757888774745,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:05","end":"11:22","startHours":10.084888045526371,"endHours":11.359018202277998,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:55","end":"10:15","startHours":9.915004024626153,"endHours":10.254772066426588,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:58","end":"08:14","startHours":7.96133778427366,"endHours":8.233152217714007,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"12:58","startHours":12.293380317229191,"endHours":12.97291640083006,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:11","end":"06:51","startHours":6.177555564821382,"endHours":6.857091648422249,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:41","end":"07:32","startHours":6.6872076275220325,"endHours":7.536627732023117,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:20","end":"15:01","startHours":14.331988568031795,"endHours":15.011524651632662,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:32","end":"17:56","startHours":17.529668986036135,"endHours":17.929668986036134,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:44","end":"18:09","startHours":17.729668986036135,"endHours":18.154379038286677,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:14","startHours":17.479668986036135,"endHours":19.229668986036135,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"00:58","startHours":24.293380317229193,"endHours":24.97291640083006,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:32","end":"08:49","startHours":7.536627732023117,"endHours":8.810757888774745,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:49","end":"10:05","startHours":8.810757888774745,"endHours":10.084888045526371,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:05","end":"11:22","startHours":10.084888045526371,"endHours":11.359018202277998,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:22","end":"12:38","startHours":11.359018202277998,"endHours":12.633148359029626,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:38","end":"13:54","startHours":12.633148359029626,"endHours":13.907278515781254,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:54","end":"15:11","startHours":13.907278515781254,"endHours":15.18140867253288,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:11","end":"16:27","startHours":15.18140867253288,"endHours":16.455538829284507,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:27","end":"17:44","startHours":16.455538829284507,"endHours":17.729668986036135,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:44","end":"19:27","startHours":17.729668986036135,"endHours":19.455538829284507,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:27","end":"21:11","startHours":19.455538829284507,"endHours":21.181408672532882,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:11","end":"22:54","startHours":21.181408672532882,"endHours":22.907278515781254,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:54","end":"00:38","startHours":22.907278515781254,"endHours":24.633148359029626,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:38","end":"02:22","startHours":24.633148359029626,"endHours":26.359018202277998,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:22","end":"04:05","startHours":26.359018202277998,"endHours":28.08488804552637,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:05","end":"05:49","startHours":28.08488804552637,"endHours":29.810757888774745,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:49","end":"07:32","startHours":29.810757888774745,"endHours":31.536627732023117,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:32","end":"08:32","startHours":7.536627732023117,"endHours":8.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:32","end":"09:32","startHours":8.536627732023117,"endHours":9.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:32","end":"10:32","startHours":9.536627732023117,"endHours":10.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:32","end":"11:32","startHours":10.536627732023117,"endHours":11.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:32","end":"12:32","startHours":11.536627732023117,"endHours":12.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:32","end":"13:32","startHours":12.536627732023117,"endHours":13.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:32","end":"14:32","startHours":13.536627732023117,"endHours":14.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:32","end":"15:32","startHours":14.536627732023117,"endHours":15.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:32","end":"16:32","startHours":15.536627732023117,"endHours":16.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:32","end":"17:32","startHours":16.536627732023117,"endHours":17.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:32","end":"18:32","startHours":17.536627732023117,"endHours":18.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:32","end":"19:32","startHours":18.536627732023117,"endHours":19.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:32","end":"20:32","startHours":19.536627732023117,"endHours":20.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:32","end":"21:32","startHours":20.536627732023117,"endHours":21.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:32","end":"22:32","startHours":21.536627732023117,"endHours":22.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:32","end":"23:32","startHours":22.536627732023117,"endHours":23.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:32","end":"00:32","startHours":23.536627732023117,"endHours":24.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:32","end":"01:32","startHours":24.536627732023117,"endHours":25.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:32","end":"02:32","startHours":25.536627732023117,"endHours":26.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:32","end":"03:32","startHours":26.536627732023117,"endHours":27.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:32","end":"04:32","startHours":27.536627732023117,"endHours":28.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:32","end":"05:32","startHours":28.536627732023117,"endHours":29.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:32","end":"06:32","startHours":29.536627732023117,"endHours":30.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:32","end":"07:32","startHours":30.536627732023117,"endHours":31.536627732023117,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.955507287439723,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":23.8117}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"phoenix"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 1997 CE · Phoenix, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 1997 CE for Phoenix, USA: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 07:32, sūryāsta 17:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1997-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-03T23:38:18.136Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-03T23:38:18.136Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-03T23:38:18.136Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}