{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:phoenix:1973-08-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1973-08-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1973-08-31","date_display":"August 31, 1973 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441925.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853460.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.3893,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":171.5124,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":38.123,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.123},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4,"moon_longitude":171.5124,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5124},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":304.9017},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1973,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441925.770833,"ahargana":1853460.2708,"kali_year":5075,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4851,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.009836,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":171.092936,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4687},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":13.375635999999986,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":131.64123600000005,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":280.41163600000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":171.15533600000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":69.53563600000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":254.7554,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":74.7554,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441925.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853460.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.3893,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":171.5124,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":38.123,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.123},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4,"moon_longitude":171.5124,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5124},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":304.9017},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.469,"elongation":38.123},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.469,"opposition_distance":141.877}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"phoenix","name":"Phoenix, USA","lat":33.4484,"lon":-112.074,"tz_offset_hours":-7,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:01","sunsetLocal":"18:56","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":12.914195101952968,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:09","moonsetLocal":"20:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:51","end":"12:28","startHours":10.854899120199423,"endHours":12.469173507943545,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:42","end":"17:19","startHours":15.697722283431787,"endHours":17.31199667117591,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"09:14","startHours":7.626350344711183,"endHours":9.240624732455304,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:02","end":"09:27","startHours":9.025388147422754,"endHours":9.455861317487853,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:33","end":"06:54","startHours":6.550167419548435,"endHours":6.894545955600514,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:54","startHours":12.038700337878446,"endHours":12.899646678008644,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:17","end":"05:09","startHours":4.290183276706665,"endHours":5.151129616836863,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:56","end":"06:01","startHours":4.935893031804314,"endHours":6.012075956967061,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:29","startHours":14.62153935826904,"endHours":15.482485698399238,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:44","end":"19:08","startHours":18.72627105892003,"endHours":19.12627105892003,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:56","end":"19:28","startHours":18.92627105892003,"endHours":19.464362521501403,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:41","end":"20:26","startHours":18.67627105892003,"endHours":20.42627105892003,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:54","startHours":24.038700337878446,"endHours":24.899646678008644,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:01","end":"07:38","startHours":6.012075956967061,"endHours":7.626350344711183,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:38","end":"09:14","startHours":7.626350344711183,"endHours":9.240624732455304,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:14","end":"10:51","startHours":9.240624732455304,"endHours":10.854899120199423,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:51","end":"12:28","startHours":10.854899120199423,"endHours":12.469173507943545,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:28","end":"14:05","startHours":12.469173507943545,"endHours":14.083447895687666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:05","end":"15:42","startHours":14.083447895687666,"endHours":15.697722283431787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:42","end":"17:19","startHours":15.697722283431787,"endHours":17.31199667117591,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:19","end":"18:56","startHours":17.31199667117591,"endHours":18.92627105892003,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:56","end":"20:19","startHours":18.92627105892003,"endHours":20.31199667117591,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:19","end":"21:42","startHours":20.31199667117591,"endHours":21.697722283431787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:42","end":"23:05","startHours":21.697722283431787,"endHours":23.083447895687666,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:05","end":"00:28","startHours":23.083447895687666,"endHours":24.469173507943545,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:28","end":"01:51","startHours":24.469173507943545,"endHours":25.854899120199423,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:51","end":"03:14","startHours":25.854899120199423,"endHours":27.240624732455302,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:14","end":"04:38","startHours":27.240624732455302,"endHours":28.626350344711184,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:38","end":"06:01","startHours":28.626350344711184,"endHours":30.01207595696706,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":6.012075956967061,"endHours":7.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.012075956967061,"endHours":8.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.012075956967061,"endHours":9.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.012075956967061,"endHours":10.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.012075956967061,"endHours":11.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.012075956967061,"endHours":12.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.012075956967061,"endHours":13.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.012075956967061,"endHours":14.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.012075956967061,"endHours":15.012075956967061,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.012075956967061,"endHours":16.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.01207595696706,"endHours":17.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.01207595696706,"endHours":18.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.01207595696706,"endHours":19.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.01207595696706,"endHours":20.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.01207595696706,"endHours":21.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.01207595696706,"endHours":22.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.01207595696706,"endHours":23.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.01207595696706,"endHours":24.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.01207595696706,"endHours":25.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.01207595696706,"endHours":26.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.01207595696706,"endHours":27.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.01207595696706,"endHours":28.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.01207595696706,"endHours":29.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.01207595696706,"endHours":30.01207595696706,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.756650068235354,"eotMinutes":0.14558952338733633,"ayanamsa":23.4851}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2030,"vikram_samvatsara":"Akṣaya","saka_samvat":1895,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramādī","bengali_samvat":1380,"malayalam_era":1149,"nanakshahi_year":504,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2030 Akṣaya · Śaka 1895 Pramādī"},"festivals":[{"id":"ganesha-chaturthi","name":"Gaṇeśa Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"गणेश चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Gaṇeśa's birth day; 11-day festival in Maharashtra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":1},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"phoenix"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 31, 1973 CE · Phoenix, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 31, 1973 CE for Phoenix, USA: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:01, sūryāsta 18:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1973-08-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1973-08-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1973-08-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1973-08-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/phoenix/1973-08-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T05:17:10.575Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T05:17:10.575Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T05:17:10.575Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}