{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2108-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2108-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2108-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2108 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2108,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2491199.770833,"kali_year":5210,"ahargana":1902734.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":99.0583,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":338.8816,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.8233,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.8233},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":338.8816,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5482},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":77.9398},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2108,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2491199.770833,"ahargana":1902734.2708,"kali_year":5210,"ayanamsa_lahiri":25.3696,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":99.822607,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.302307,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.3996},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":178.273907,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":116.85700700000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":74.09420699999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":52.831807000000026,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":268.67450699999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":163.9817,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":343.9817,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2108,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2491199.770833,"kali_year":5210,"ahargana":1902734.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":99.0583,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":338.8816,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.8233,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.8233},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":338.8816,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5482},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":77.9398},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.4,"elongation":120.177},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.4,"opposition_distance":59.823}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:08","sunsetLocal":"17:37","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.491071091835078,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 29 Mins 28 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 30 Mins 32 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:08","moonsetLocal":"10:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:45","end":"11:04","startHours":9.75603810498125,"endHours":11.067421991460634,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:41","end":"15:00","startHours":13.690189764419404,"endHours":15.001573650898788,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:08","end":"08:27","startHours":7.13327033202248,"endHours":8.444654218501865,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:35","end":"09:56","startHours":9.581186920117332,"endHours":9.930889289845167,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:51","startHours":7.570398294182275,"endHours":7.8501601899645435,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:44","startHours":12.029103508212183,"endHours":12.728508247667856,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:44","end":"06:26","startHours":5.734460853111137,"endHours":6.433865592566808,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:16","end":"07:08","startHours":6.259014407702891,"endHours":7.13327033202248,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:50","startHours":14.127317726579198,"endHours":14.82672246603487,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:25","end":"17:49","startHours":17.42434142385756,"endHours":17.824341423857557,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:37","end":"18:04","startHours":17.624341423857558,"endHours":18.061469386017354,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:22","end":"19:07","startHours":17.374341423857558,"endHours":19.124341423857558,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:44","startHours":24.02910350821218,"endHours":24.728508247667854,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:08","end":"08:27","startHours":7.13327033202248,"endHours":8.444654218501865,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:27","end":"09:45","startHours":8.444654218501865,"endHours":9.75603810498125,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:45","end":"11:04","startHours":9.75603810498125,"endHours":11.067421991460634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:04","end":"12:23","startHours":11.067421991460634,"endHours":12.37880587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.37880587794002,"endHours":13.690189764419404,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:41","end":"15:00","startHours":13.690189764419404,"endHours":15.001573650898788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:00","end":"16:19","startHours":15.001573650898788,"endHours":16.312957537378175,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:19","end":"17:37","startHours":16.312957537378175,"endHours":17.624341423857558,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:37","end":"19:19","startHours":17.624341423857558,"endHours":19.312957537378175,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:19","end":"21:00","startHours":19.312957537378175,"endHours":21.001573650898788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:00","end":"22:41","startHours":21.001573650898788,"endHours":22.690189764419404,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:41","end":"00:23","startHours":22.690189764419404,"endHours":24.378805877940017,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:23","end":"02:04","startHours":24.378805877940017,"endHours":26.067421991460634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:04","end":"03:45","startHours":26.067421991460634,"endHours":27.75603810498125,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:45","end":"05:27","startHours":27.75603810498125,"endHours":29.444654218501867,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:27","end":"07:08","startHours":29.444654218501867,"endHours":31.13327033202248,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.13327033202248,"endHours":8.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.13327033202248,"endHours":9.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.13327033202248,"endHours":10.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.13327033202248,"endHours":11.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.13327033202248,"endHours":12.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.13327033202248,"endHours":13.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.13327033202248,"endHours":14.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.13327033202248,"endHours":15.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.13327033202248,"endHours":16.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.13327033202248,"endHours":17.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.13327033202248,"endHours":18.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.13327033202248,"endHours":19.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.13327033202248,"endHours":20.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.13327033202248,"endHours":21.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.13327033202248,"endHours":22.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.13327033202248,"endHours":23.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.13327033202248,"endHours":24.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.13327033202248,"endHours":25.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.13327033202248,"endHours":26.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.13327033202248,"endHours":27.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.13327033202248,"endHours":28.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.13327033202248,"endHours":29.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.13327033202248,"endHours":30.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":30.13327033202248,"endHours":31.13327033202248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.967770094646983,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":25.3696}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2165,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","saka_samvat":2030,"saka_samvatsara":"Vibhava","bengali_samvat":1515,"malayalam_era":1284,"nanakshahi_year":639,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2165 Vṛṣa · Śaka 2030 Vibhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2108 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2108 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:08, sūryāsta 17:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2108-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2108-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2108-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2108-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2108-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T14:59:14.013Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T14:59:14.013Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-24T14:59:14.013Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}