{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2030-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2030-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2030-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 2030 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2030,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462863.770833,"kali_year":5132,"ahargana":1874398.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":251.6923,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":295.6084,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":43.9162,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9162},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":295.6084,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2751},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":187.3007},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2030,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462863.770833,"ahargana":1874398.2708,"kali_year":5132,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2859,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.03954999999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":298.07925,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.2348},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":175.67354999999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":231.05105000000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":230.30755,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":268.38345000000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":38.73165,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":225.3594,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":45.3594,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2030,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462863.770833,"kali_year":5132,"ahargana":1874398.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":251.6923,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":295.6084,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":43.9162,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9162},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":295.6084,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2751},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":187.3007},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.235,"elongation":43.916},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.235,"opposition_distance":136.084}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-18,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.714,"opposition_distance":2.237}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:12","sunsetLocal":"19:25","solarNoonLocal":"12:18","dayLengthHours":14.224258941206259,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 13 Mins 27 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 46 Mins 33 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:44","moonsetLocal":"22:01","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:45","end":"10:32","startHours":8.751353672436558,"endHours":10.529386040087342,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:05","end":"15:52","startHours":14.085450775388907,"endHours":15.863483143039687,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:12","end":"06:58","startHours":5.195288937134994,"endHours":6.9733213047857765,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:31","end":"08:59","startHours":8.514282690083121,"endHours":8.988424654789997,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:47","end":"06:10","startHours":5.787966393018588,"endHours":6.167279964784089,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:47","startHours":11.833276443031247,"endHours":12.781560372444998,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:18","end":"04:15","startHours":3.298721078307493,"endHours":4.247005007721244,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:01","end":"05:12","startHours":4.009934025367806,"endHours":5.195288937134994,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:38","startHours":14.678128231272499,"endHours":15.62641216068625,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:13","end":"19:37","startHours":19.219547878341253,"endHours":19.61954787834125,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:25","end":"20:01","startHours":19.419547878341252,"endHours":20.012225334224844,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:10","end":"20:55","startHours":19.169547878341252,"endHours":20.919547878341252,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:47","startHours":23.83327644303125,"endHours":24.781560372444996,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:12","end":"06:58","startHours":5.195288937134994,"endHours":6.9733213047857765,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:58","end":"08:45","startHours":6.9733213047857765,"endHours":8.751353672436558,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:45","end":"10:32","startHours":8.751353672436558,"endHours":10.529386040087342,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:32","end":"12:18","startHours":10.529386040087342,"endHours":12.307418407738123,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:18","end":"14:05","startHours":12.307418407738123,"endHours":14.085450775388907,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:05","end":"15:52","startHours":14.085450775388907,"endHours":15.863483143039687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:52","end":"17:38","startHours":15.863483143039687,"endHours":17.64151551069047,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:38","end":"19:25","startHours":17.64151551069047,"endHours":19.419547878341252,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:25","end":"20:38","startHours":19.419547878341252,"endHours":20.641515510690468,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:38","end":"21:52","startHours":20.641515510690468,"endHours":21.863483143039687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:52","end":"23:05","startHours":21.863483143039687,"endHours":23.085450775388907,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:05","end":"00:18","startHours":23.085450775388907,"endHours":24.307418407738123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:18","end":"01:32","startHours":24.307418407738123,"endHours":25.52938604008734,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:32","end":"02:45","startHours":25.52938604008734,"endHours":26.751353672436558,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:45","end":"03:58","startHours":26.751353672436558,"endHours":27.973321304785777,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:58","end":"05:12","startHours":27.973321304785777,"endHours":29.195288937134993,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":5.195288937134994,"endHours":6.195288937134994,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.195288937134994,"endHours":7.195288937134994,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.195288937134994,"endHours":8.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.195288937134993,"endHours":9.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.195288937134993,"endHours":10.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.195288937134993,"endHours":11.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.195288937134993,"endHours":12.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.195288937134993,"endHours":13.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.195288937134993,"endHours":14.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.195288937134993,"endHours":15.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.195288937134993,"endHours":16.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.195288937134993,"endHours":17.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.195288937134993,"endHours":18.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.195288937134993,"endHours":19.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.195288937134993,"endHours":20.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.195288937134993,"endHours":21.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.195288937134993,"endHours":22.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.195288937134993,"endHours":23.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.195288937134993,"endHours":24.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.195288937134993,"endHours":25.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.195288937134993,"endHours":26.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.195288937134993,"endHours":27.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.195288937134993,"endHours":28.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.195288937134993,"endHours":29.195288937134993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.28537870862795,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":24.2859}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2087,"vikram_samvatsara":"Rudhirodgāri","saka_samvat":1952,"saka_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","bengali_samvat":1437,"malayalam_era":1206,"nanakshahi_year":561,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2087 Rudhirodgāri · Śaka 1952 Sādhāraṇa"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 2030 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 2030 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:12, sūryāsta 19:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2030-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2030-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2030-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2030-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2030-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:08:58.478Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:08:58.478Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:08:58.478Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}