{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2028-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461892.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873427.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.9449,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":94.6762,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":77.7313,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.7313},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1,"moon_longitude":94.6762,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3429},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":111.6211},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461892.770833,"ahargana":1873427.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2488,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.951549,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":93.21654899999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.1672},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":7.670548999999994,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":35.374348999999995,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":143.39684899999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":53.328148999999996,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":8.045548999999994,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":276.8076,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":96.8076,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461892.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873427.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.9449,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":94.6762,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":77.7313,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.7313},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1,"moon_longitude":94.6762,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3429},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":111.6211},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.167,"elongation":77.731},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.167,"opposition_distance":102.269}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:49","sunsetLocal":"17:39","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":10.837758754049105,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 50 Mins 16 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 09 Mins 44 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:10","moonsetLocal":"22:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:10","end":"09:31","startHours":8.163173678415472,"endHours":9.51789352267161,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.872613366927748,"endHours":12.227333211183886,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:35","end":"14:56","startHours":13.582053055440024,"endHours":14.936772899696162,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:42","startHours":9.337264210104125,"endHours":9.698522835239096,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:16","end":"07:33","startHours":7.260027115578048,"endHours":7.549034015686024,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:35","startHours":11.866074586048915,"endHours":12.588591836318857,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:22","end":"06:05","startHours":5.363419333619454,"endHours":6.085936583889394,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:54","end":"06:49","startHours":5.9053072713219095,"endHours":6.808453834159335,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:45","startHours":14.033626336858738,"endHours":14.756143587128678,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:27","end":"17:51","startHours":17.44621258820844,"endHours":17.846212588208438,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:39","end":"18:06","startHours":17.64621258820844,"endHours":18.097785869627153,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:09","startHours":17.39621258820844,"endHours":19.14621258820844,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:35","startHours":23.866074586048917,"endHours":24.588591836318855,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:49","end":"08:10","startHours":6.808453834159335,"endHours":8.163173678415472,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:10","end":"09:31","startHours":8.163173678415472,"endHours":9.51789352267161,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:31","end":"10:52","startHours":9.51789352267161,"endHours":10.872613366927748,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.872613366927748,"endHours":12.227333211183886,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:14","end":"13:35","startHours":12.227333211183886,"endHours":13.582053055440024,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:35","end":"14:56","startHours":13.582053055440024,"endHours":14.936772899696162,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:56","end":"16:17","startHours":14.936772899696162,"endHours":16.2914927439523,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:17","end":"17:39","startHours":16.2914927439523,"endHours":17.64621258820844,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:39","end":"19:17","startHours":17.64621258820844,"endHours":19.2914927439523,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:17","end":"20:56","startHours":19.2914927439523,"endHours":20.936772899696162,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:56","end":"22:35","startHours":20.936772899696162,"endHours":22.582053055440024,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:35","end":"00:14","startHours":22.582053055440024,"endHours":24.227333211183886,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:14","end":"01:52","startHours":24.227333211183886,"endHours":25.872613366927748,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:52","end":"03:31","startHours":25.872613366927748,"endHours":27.51789352267161,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:31","end":"05:10","startHours":27.51789352267161,"endHours":29.163173678415472,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:10","end":"06:49","startHours":29.163173678415472,"endHours":30.808453834159334,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:49","end":"07:49","startHours":6.808453834159335,"endHours":7.808453834159335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:49","end":"08:49","startHours":7.808453834159335,"endHours":8.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:49","end":"09:49","startHours":8.808453834159334,"endHours":9.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:49","end":"10:49","startHours":9.808453834159334,"endHours":10.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:49","end":"11:49","startHours":10.808453834159334,"endHours":11.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:49","end":"12:49","startHours":11.808453834159334,"endHours":12.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:49","end":"13:49","startHours":12.808453834159334,"endHours":13.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:49","end":"14:49","startHours":13.808453834159334,"endHours":14.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:49","end":"15:49","startHours":14.808453834159334,"endHours":15.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:49","end":"16:49","startHours":15.808453834159334,"endHours":16.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:49","end":"17:49","startHours":16.808453834159334,"endHours":17.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:49","end":"18:49","startHours":17.808453834159334,"endHours":18.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:49","end":"19:49","startHours":18.808453834159334,"endHours":19.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:49","end":"20:49","startHours":19.808453834159334,"endHours":20.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:49","end":"21:49","startHours":20.808453834159334,"endHours":21.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:49","end":"22:49","startHours":21.808453834159334,"endHours":22.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:49","end":"23:49","startHours":22.808453834159334,"endHours":23.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:49","end":"00:49","startHours":23.808453834159334,"endHours":24.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:49","end":"01:49","startHours":24.808453834159334,"endHours":25.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:49","end":"02:49","startHours":25.808453834159334,"endHours":26.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:49","end":"03:49","startHours":26.808453834159334,"endHours":27.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:49","end":"04:49","startHours":27.808453834159334,"endHours":28.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:49","end":"05:49","startHours":28.808453834159334,"endHours":29.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:49","end":"06:49","startHours":29.808453834159334,"endHours":30.808453834159334,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":15.187818487054658,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.2488}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"ganga-saptami","name":"Gaṅgā Saptamī","name_sanskrit":"गङ्गा सप्तमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Devī Gaṅgā","significance":"Gaṅgā Devī's descent to Brahma-loka before her earth-descent.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":7,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2028 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2028 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:49, sūryāsta 17:39.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:14:04.130Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:14:04.130Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:14:04.130Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}