{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2025-12-22:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-22","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-12-22","date_display":"December 22, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":12,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461031.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872566.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":245.8282,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.3003,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":23.4721,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4721},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.3003,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6337},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":155.1286},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":12,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461031.770833,"ahargana":1872566.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2158,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":246.21524599999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.24394600000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.5985},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":250.500946,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":229.12224600000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":88.24094600000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":242.127246,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":331.53524600000003,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":322.4276,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":142.4276,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":12,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461031.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872566.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":245.8282,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.3003,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":23.4721,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4721},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.3003,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6337},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":155.1286},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.599,"elongation":23.472},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.599,"opposition_distance":156.528}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:08","sunsetLocal":"19:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":14.239926295868571,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 14 Mins 24 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 45 Mins 36 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:44","moonsetLocal":"20:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:55","end":"08:42","startHours":6.920777520723944,"endHours":8.700768307707516,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:29","end":"12:16","startHours":10.480759094691088,"endHours":12.26074988167466,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:02","end":"15:49","startHours":14.04074066865823,"endHours":15.820731455641802,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:56","startHours":8.463436202776373,"endHours":8.938100412638658,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:44","end":"06:07","startHours":5.73411699606823,"endHours":6.113848363958058,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:47","end":"12:44","startHours":11.786085671812373,"endHours":12.735414091536946,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:15","end":"04:11","startHours":3.2421298942912298,"endHours":4.191458314015802,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:57","end":"05:08","startHours":3.9541262090846585,"endHours":5.140786733740373,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:35","startHours":14.634070930986088,"endHours":15.583399350710659,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:11","end":"19:35","startHours":19.180713029608945,"endHours":19.580713029608944,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:23","end":"19:58","startHours":19.380713029608945,"endHours":19.974043291936802,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:08","end":"20:53","startHours":19.130713029608945,"endHours":20.880713029608945,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:47","end":"00:44","startHours":23.786085671812373,"endHours":24.735414091536946,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:08","end":"06:55","startHours":5.140786733740373,"endHours":6.920777520723944,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:55","end":"08:42","startHours":6.920777520723944,"endHours":8.700768307707516,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:42","end":"10:29","startHours":8.700768307707516,"endHours":10.480759094691088,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:29","end":"12:16","startHours":10.480759094691088,"endHours":12.26074988167466,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:16","end":"14:02","startHours":12.26074988167466,"endHours":14.04074066865823,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:02","end":"15:49","startHours":14.04074066865823,"endHours":15.820731455641802,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:49","end":"17:36","startHours":15.820731455641802,"endHours":17.600722242625373,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:36","end":"19:23","startHours":17.600722242625373,"endHours":19.380713029608945,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:23","end":"20:36","startHours":19.380713029608945,"endHours":20.600722242625373,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:36","end":"21:49","startHours":20.600722242625373,"endHours":21.820731455641802,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:49","end":"23:02","startHours":21.820731455641802,"endHours":23.04074066865823,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:02","end":"00:16","startHours":23.04074066865823,"endHours":24.26074988167466,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:16","end":"01:29","startHours":24.26074988167466,"endHours":25.480759094691088,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:29","end":"02:42","startHours":25.480759094691088,"endHours":26.700768307707516,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:42","end":"03:55","startHours":26.700768307707516,"endHours":27.920777520723945,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:55","end":"05:08","startHours":27.920777520723945,"endHours":29.140786733740374,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.140786733740373,"endHours":6.140786733740373,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.140786733740373,"endHours":7.140786733740373,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.140786733740373,"endHours":8.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.140786733740374,"endHours":9.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.140786733740374,"endHours":10.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.140786733740374,"endHours":11.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.140786733740374,"endHours":12.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.140786733740374,"endHours":13.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.140786733740374,"endHours":14.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.140786733740374,"endHours":15.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.140786733740374,"endHours":16.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.140786733740374,"endHours":17.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.140786733740374,"endHours":18.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.140786733740374,"endHours":19.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.140786733740374,"endHours":20.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.140786733740374,"endHours":21.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.140786733740374,"endHours":22.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.140786733740374,"endHours":23.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.140786733740374,"endHours":24.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.140786733740374,"endHours":25.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.140786733740374,"endHours":26.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.140786733740374,"endHours":27.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.140786733740374,"endHours":28.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.140786733740374,"endHours":29.140786733740374,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.435797128892645,"eotMinutes":0.9130070995203906,"ayanamsa":24.2158}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 22, 2025 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 22, 2025 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 05:08, sūryāsta 19:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-22","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-22","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-22","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-22","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-22"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:11:11.606Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:11:11.606Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:11:11.606Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}