{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2025-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461029.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872564.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.774,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.7867,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":0.0127,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0127},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":243.7867,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.7867},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":127.5607},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461029.770833,"ahargana":1872564.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2158,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.17862200000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.93562199999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4133},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":248.98492199999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":226.231722,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":88.47132199999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":239.60972199999992,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":331.454122,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":322.5335,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":142.5335,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461029.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872564.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.774,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.7867,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":0.0127,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0127},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":243.7867,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.7867},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":127.5607},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.413,"elongation":0.013},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.413,"opposition_distance":179.987}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:08","sunsetLocal":"19:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":14.238982545801981,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 14 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 45 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:08","moonsetLocal":"19:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:41","end":"10:28","startHours":8.685355738175023,"endHours":10.465228556400271,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:01","end":"15:48","startHours":14.024974192850767,"endHours":15.804847011076014,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:08","end":"06:54","startHours":5.125610101724528,"endHours":6.905482919949776,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:27","end":"08:55","startHours":8.448039362411658,"endHours":8.92267211393839,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:43","end":"06:06","startHours":5.718901041132944,"endHours":6.09860724235433,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:43","startHours":11.770468623098788,"endHours":12.719734126152252,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:14","end":"04:11","startHours":3.227079095617597,"endHours":4.176344598671063,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:56","end":"05:08","startHours":3.9390282229076963,"endHours":5.125610101724528,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:34","startHours":14.618265132259182,"endHours":15.567530635312648,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:10","end":"19:34","startHours":19.16459264752651,"endHours":19.56459264752651,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:22","end":"19:57","startHours":19.36459264752651,"endHours":19.957883586934926,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:07","end":"20:52","startHours":19.11459264752651,"endHours":20.86459264752651,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:43","startHours":23.770468623098786,"endHours":24.719734126152254,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:08","end":"06:54","startHours":5.125610101724528,"endHours":6.905482919949776,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:54","end":"08:41","startHours":6.905482919949776,"endHours":8.685355738175023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:41","end":"10:28","startHours":8.685355738175023,"endHours":10.465228556400271,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:28","end":"12:15","startHours":10.465228556400271,"endHours":12.24510137462552,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:15","end":"14:01","startHours":12.24510137462552,"endHours":14.024974192850767,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:01","end":"15:48","startHours":14.024974192850767,"endHours":15.804847011076014,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:48","end":"17:35","startHours":15.804847011076014,"endHours":17.584719829301264,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:35","end":"19:22","startHours":17.584719829301264,"endHours":19.36459264752651,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:22","end":"20:35","startHours":19.36459264752651,"endHours":20.584719829301264,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:35","end":"21:48","startHours":20.584719829301264,"endHours":21.804847011076014,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:48","end":"23:01","startHours":21.804847011076014,"endHours":23.024974192850767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:01","end":"00:15","startHours":23.024974192850767,"endHours":24.24510137462552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:15","end":"01:28","startHours":24.24510137462552,"endHours":25.465228556400273,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:28","end":"02:41","startHours":25.465228556400273,"endHours":26.685355738175026,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:41","end":"03:54","startHours":26.685355738175026,"endHours":27.905482919949776,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:54","end":"05:08","startHours":27.905482919949776,"endHours":29.12561010172453,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.125610101724528,"endHours":6.125610101724528,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.125610101724528,"endHours":7.125610101724528,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.125610101724528,"endHours":8.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.12561010172453,"endHours":9.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.12561010172453,"endHours":10.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.12561010172453,"endHours":11.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.12561010172453,"endHours":12.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.12561010172453,"endHours":13.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.12561010172453,"endHours":14.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.12561010172453,"endHours":15.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.12561010172453,"endHours":16.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.12561010172453,"endHours":17.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.12561010172453,"endHours":18.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.12561010172453,"endHours":19.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.12561010172453,"endHours":20.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.12561010172453,"endHours":21.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.12561010172453,"endHours":22.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.12561010172453,"endHours":23.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.12561010172453,"endHours":24.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.12561010172453,"endHours":25.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.12561010172453,"endHours":26.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.12561010172453,"endHours":27.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.12561010172453,"endHours":28.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.12561010172453,"endHours":29.12561010172453,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.42674898026185,"eotMinutes":1.851917522468745,"ayanamsa":24.2158}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 2025 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 2025 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:08, sūryāsta 19:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:25:11.354Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T18:25:11.354Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T18:25:11.354Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}